2014—2019年北京市西城区白纸坊街道手足口病流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease in Baizhifang Street in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2014 to 2019

目的分析2014—2019年北京市西城区白纸坊街道手足口病流行病学特征及病原学特征。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2014—2019年西城区白纸坊街道手足口病数据进行分析。结果2014—2019年白纸坊街道累计报告手足口病病例472例,10例重症,无死亡病例。发病率为49.20/10万~101.51/10万,平均发病率为75.36/10万。发病趋势基本平稳,整体趋势有小幅下降,发病率呈隔年高发趋势。大多数年份病例主要集中在6—8月,同年10—11月再次出现小幅升高。空间分布中来自人口数多且密集的居委会病例数较多。但各居委会发病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≤5岁儿童病例363例,占76.91%。发病人群以托幼儿童(46.18%)和散居儿童(34.32%)为主。2014—2019年病原体构成比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=77.95,P<0.01),其中2014年与2016年柯萨奇病毒A16型(CoxA16)所占比例较高,分别为50.00%和56.25%。2017年手足口重症病例数较多,人肠道病毒71型(EV71型)占该年病原学监测的40.00%。2017年后无新发重症病例。2018—2019年CoxA 6所占比例有所增加,分别为86.7%和77.8%,其他肠道病毒所占比例逐渐下降。结论2014—2019年北京市西城区白纸坊街道手足口病流行趋势基本平稳,发病率呈隔年高发趋势。≤5岁儿童仍是重点防控人群。近两年CoxA6病原体监测比例增加。白纸坊街道社区保健科应结合街道手足口病流行趋势,继续加强手足口病监测,增强宣传教育力度,做好手足口病综合防控工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Baizhifang Street in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2014 to 2019.Methods Descriptive epidemiology approaches were used to analyze the data of HFMD in Baizhifang Street of Xicheng District from 2014 to 2019.Results Totally 472 cases of HFMD were reported in Baizhifang Street from 2014 to 2019,including 10 severe cases,and there was no death.The incidence rate was between 49.20/lakh and 101.51/lakh,with an average annual incidence of 75.36/lakh.The overall trend of the disease was basically stable with a slight decrease,and the incidence was high every other year.In most years,the cases mainly occurred between June and August,and the secondary peak appeared October to November.For the spatial distribution,the number of cases from the neighborhood committee with large and dense population was more,but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence among different neighborhood committees(P>0.05).There were 363 child patients under 5 years old,accounting for 76.91%.Kindergarten children(46.18%)and scattered children(34.32%)were the main affected population.There was statistically significant difference in pathogen composition among 2014 to 2019(χ^2=77.95,P<0.01),and the proportions of Coxsackievirus A16(CoxA16)in 2014 and 2016 were higher,which was 50.00%and 56.25%respectively.The severe cases were more in 2017,and human enterovirus 71(EV71)accounted for 40.00%of the pathogenic surveillance in that year.There were no new severe cases after 2017.The proportions of CoxA6 from 2018 to 2019 increased,which was 86.7%and 77.8%respectively.The proportion of other enteroviruses decreased gradually.Conclusion The epidemic trend of HFMD in Baizhifang Street in Xicheng District of Beijing is basically stable from 2014 to 2019,and incidence is high every other year.Children under 5 years old are the key prevention and control population.The proportion of CoxA6 monitoring is increasing in recent two years.Combined with the epidemic trend of HFMD in the area,the community health care department of Baizhifang Street should continue to strengthen the surveillance of HFMD,enhance the publicity and education,and improve the comprehensive prevention and control of HFMD.