社区护士自我效能、工作压力源与离职意愿的相关性研究

Study on correlation between self-efficacy,work stressors and turnover intention in community nurses

目的调查上海市社区卫生服务中心护士自我效能、工作压力源及离职意愿的现状,分析并探讨社区护士自我效能及工作压力源对其离职意愿的交互影响路径及内部作用关系。方法2018年10月,采用便利抽样法选取上海市14个市辖区82所社区医院的155名社区护士。用一般资料调查表、离职意愿表(TIQ)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)及中国护士工作压力源量表(CNSS)对其进行测评。结果共发放问卷172份,有效回收155份,有效回收率为90.12%。社区护士离职意愿总均分为2.48±0.55,一般自我效能总分为24.37±4.23,压力源总分为72.11±13.47。Pearson相关分析显示,社区护士离职意愿与一般自我效能呈负相关(r=-0.286,P<0.01),与工作压力源呈显著正相关(r=0.356,P<0.01)。路径分析结果显示,工作压力源与一般自我效能均对离职意愿具有预测作用,路径系数分别为0.33、-0.29。结论一般自我效能和工作压力源是影响社区护士离职意愿的重要因素,可以通过分层分级培训提高社区护士全科护理能力,提高护士的一般自我效能感,降低护士压力感受进而减少离职率,保证社区护士队伍的稳定和发展。

Objective To investigate the status of self-efficacy,work stressors and turnover intention among nurses in community health service centers of Shanghai,analyze and explore the interaction path and internal relationship of community nurses'selfefficacy and work stressors on their turnover intention.Methods In October 2018,155 community nurses from 82 community hospitals in 14 municipal districts of Shanghai were selected by convenience sampling method,and were investigated by the general information questionnaire,Turnover Intention Questionnaire(TIQ),General Self-efficacy Scale(GSES)and Chinese Nurses Stressor Scale(CNSS).Results A total of 172 questionnaires were distributed,and 155 were effectively recovered,with the effective recovery rate of 90.12%.The total average score of turnover intention in community nurses was 2.48±0.55,the total score of general self-efficiency was 24.37±4.23,and the total score of stressors was 72.11±13.47.Pearson correlation analysis showed that turnover intention of community nurses was negatively correlated with general self-efficacy(r=-0.286,P<0.01),and was signifisigcantly positively correlated with work stressors(r=0.356,P<0.01).Path analysis results showed that both work stressors and general self-efficacy had predictive effects on turnover intentions,with path coefficients of 0.33 and-0.29,respectively.Conclusion General self-efficacy and work stressors are important factors affecting the turnover intentions of community nurses.It can improve the general nursing ability and the general self-efficacy of community nurses through hierarchical training,reduce the pressure feeling of nurses,and then reduce the turnover rate,so as to ensure the stability and development of community nurses team.