文化记忆与人民关切:老舍《茶馆》再解读

Cultural Memory and Concern for the People:A Re-Interpretation of Lao She’s Teahouse

老舍的《茶馆》是中国当代文学史上的重要作品。从“文化记忆”的视域出发,可对《茶馆》进行再解读。首先,《茶馆》借由人物的回忆建构起戏剧结构,并通过茶馆这一“记忆场”呈现出人物的命运;其次,剧本中常四爷的身份、康顺子的心理创伤、子承父业的戏剧化设置、崔久峰的革命记忆等,具体呈现了《茶馆》中的民族创伤记忆书写;最后,通过《茶馆》第三幕结尾“追忆与祭奠”的记忆仪式,可以解析老舍对北京民间文化的深厚情感,展现个体在文化传承中的作用和意义。《茶馆》既是作者个人记忆的曲折展现,又是文化记忆的时代之书,而个人记忆被激活与文化记忆被形塑的出发点在于老舍对人民的关切。

Lao She’s Teahouse is a landmark in the history of contemporary Chinese literature.Here we attempt to offer a re-interpretation of this masterpiece from the perspective of“cultural memory”.First of all,Teahouse constructs the dramatic structure from the memories of the characters,and presents their fate through the teahouse,a“field of memory”.Secondly,the identity of Master Chang,the psychological trauma of Kang Shunzi,as well as Cui Jiufeng’s revolutionary memory,all of these concretely present the writing of national trauma.Finally,through the symbolic act of“reminiscence and memorial ceremony”towards the end of the third act of Teahouse,we can analyze and appreciate Lao She’s profound feelings for Beijing’s popular culture.