历史时期农牧交错带地区的生产经营方式复原——苍头河流域考古调查浮选出土植物遗存分析

Restoration of Production and Management Mode in the Farming-Pastoral Zone During Historical Periods:Flotation Results of Plant Remains from Archaeological Survey in Cangtou River Basin

位于山西最北端的苍头河流域是著名的"杀虎口"所在地,背靠大同盆地,面向敕勒川草原,属于典型的农牧交错带地区,现今当地生产经营方式为农业与畜牧兼营。伴随2014年的苍头河流域区域考古调查采集浮选样品,出土了丰富的炭化植物遗存,包括小麦、大麦、粟、黍、荞麦、大麻、豌豆和兵豆等农作物,以及夏熟作物麦田和秋熟作物农田中的杂草,同时还发现了种类繁多的牧草类植物遗存。分析结果显示,战国和汉魏时期,农业是苍头河流域地区物质生活资料的主要来源,小麦已经取代粟和黍两种小米成为农业生产中的主体农作物品种。辽金时期,家畜饲养业所占比重等同于甚至超过了农耕生产,形成了农耕生产与家畜饲养并重的生产经营方式。

The Cangtou River Basin,located in the northernmost part of Shanxi Province,is a typical farming-pastoral zone,facing Chilechuan Grassland and backed by Datong Basin,featuring the local production and management mode of agriculture and animal husbandry.With the collection of flotation samples in the regional archaeological survey of Cangtou River Basin in 2014,abundant remains of carbonized plants were unearthed,including wheat,barley,foxtail millet,broomcorn millet,buckwheat,hemp seeds,peas and lentils,as well as weeds in wheat fields of summer crops and farmland of autumn crops.At the same time,many kinds of remains of herbage plants were also found.The analysis results show that agriculture was the main source of material living materials in Cangtou River Basin during the Warring States and Han-Wei Period,and wheat replaced foxtail millet and broomcorn millet as the main crop in agricultural production.During the Liao and Jin dynasties,the proportion of livestock raising industry was equal to or even more than that of farming production,which formed a mode of production and management with equal emphasis on farming production and livestock raising.