哈尼族梯田农耕工具及其变迁

Changes of the Hani People’s Farming Tools for Terraced Fields

哈尼族的生计经历了刀耕火种、采集狩猎和梯田农耕的生产方式。在梯田农耕活动中,已普遍使用犁、耙、锄、斧、砍刀、弯刀、锯镰、镰刀、铁锤、铁撬杆、谷船、麻袋、背箩等生产工具,也使用脚碓、水碓、水碾、水磨、石磨、筛子、簸箕等稻谷加工工具。这些工具不仅是维护梯田农耕持续发展的生产条件,而且是展示梯田物质文化的重要内容。然而,受经济全球化等因素的影响,不仅梯田农耕的传承问题受到严峻挑战,而且象征梯田农耕物质文化的生产工具也逐渐消亡,由此引发传统生态的生产方式功能降低,导致梯田文化景观遗产的内涵被削弱。

The Hani people has experienced many production modes,such as slash-and-burn cultivation,hunter-gatherer and terraced farming.In terrace farming activities,production tools have been widely used,such asplows,harrows,hoes,axes,choppers,scimitars,saw sickles,sickles,hammers,crowbars,grain boats,gunny bags,baskets,as well as some rice processing tools,including foot cymbals,water cymbals,water mills,water mills,stone mills,sieves and dustpans.These tools are not only the production conditions to maintain the sustainable development of terrace farming,but also the important symbolsfor displaying material culture of terrace.However,due to effects of economic globalization and other factors,not only the inheritance of terraced farming is severely challenged,but also the production tools symbolizing the material culture of terraced farming gradually disappear,which leads to the reduction of the traditional ecological mode of production and the weakening of the connotation of terraced cultural landscape heritage.