浅谈西亚地区早期农业起源问题——以羊与麦为例

On the Origin of Early Agriculture in West Asia:Taking Sheep and Wheat as Examples

西亚地区是世界三大农业独立起源地之一,考古遗址的发掘状况分析,西亚农业起源可以追溯到"后旧石器时代"早期(约公元前16000~公元前12500年),或在前新陶器时期晚期(约公元前9500~公元前8500年)已发展较为成熟。西亚农业起源与自然环境、人类生存条件的变化及社会发展有较大关系,在西亚农业起源的历史进程中,羊的畜养与麦驯化最具代表性。本文以西亚考古遗存为依据,对西亚早期羊的畜养与麦的驯化分别进行研究、比较,推断出麦的驯化极有可能是源于羊的畜养。

West Asia is one of the three independent origins of agriculture in the world.According to the analysis of the excavation of archaeological sites,the origin of agriculture in West Asia can be traced back to the early post Paleolithic period(about 16000-12500 B.C.),or it had been mature in the late pre-Neolithic period(about 9500-8500 B.C.).The origin of agriculture in West Asia was closely related to the changes of natural environment,human living conditions and social development.In the historical process of the agricultural origin of West Asia,the most representative was the domestication of sheep and wheat.Based on the archaeological remains of West Asia,this paper studies and compares the domestication of sheep and wheat in the early West Asia,and concludes that the domestication of wheat probably originated from the domestication of sheep.