上海市基层医护人员对流感及流感疫苗知识认知的情况调查

A survey of awareness and knowledge about influenza and vaccination among primary care providers in Shanghai

目的:了解上海市基层医护人员对流感及疫苗相应知识的认知、接种流感疫苗的情况及其对亲人/朋友或患者的推荐意愿和影响因素,为提高流感疫苗接种率提供帮助和依据。方法:2017年12月至2018年8月依托上海基层呼吸联盟对上海市各区的中心医院、社区医院的医护人员发放网上问卷1650份,自愿填写。问卷内容包括5个方面:答者的基本信息,流感及疫苗相关知识,接种流感疫苗情况,推荐意愿、态度、看法及影响因素,对流感疫苗宣传的建议。结果:回答有效问卷的1542名医护人员中,88.3%(1361/1542)能正确认识流感的主要症状;58.2%(898/1542)忽略了流感的接触传播途径;41.6%(641/1542)不知道流感疫苗的正确接种次数;82.7%(1276/1542)未认识到孕妇是优先推荐接种疫苗的人群之一。31.2%(481/1542)的医护人员自诉接种过流感疫苗,但社区医院医护人员的接种比例显著高于中心医院[39.1%(304/778)比23.2%(177/764),χ^2=45.44,P<0.05]。医护人员不推荐接种的主要原因有:认为流感抗原易变,接种意义不大[49.5%(404/816)];对流感疫苗效果不确定[48.8%(634/1298)];疫苗是自费的[46.5%(604/1298)]。被调查者认为通过国家制定相关疫苗接种政策[79.7%(1229/1542)]、依靠居委会定期向居民宣教[65.8%(1015/1542)]、一线医护人员对患者推荐[64.4%(993/1542)]是提高流感疫苗接种率的主要途径。结论:上海市基层医护人员对流感和流感疫苗知识的认知仍不足;接种流感疫苗的比例较低,社区医院医护人员的接种率高于中心医院。医护人员推荐流感疫苗接种的意愿受到一些因素的影响,提高医护人员的推荐意愿有助于提高社区居民的接种率。

Objective To investigate the awareness and knowledge of influenza and vaccine among primary care providers in Shanghai.Methods An online questionnaires survey was conducted by Shanghai Alliance for Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care from December 2017 to August 2018,healthcare providers in district central hospitals and community health care centers of Shanghai were invited to participate in the survey.The questionnaire contained the following items:the basic information of respondents;knowledge of influenza and its vaccine;current status of influenza vaccination;factors affecting promoting vaccination;the intention,attitude,perception of promoting vaccination and the influencing factors,and suggestions on promoting influenza vaccination.Results A total of 1542 valid questionnaires were collected,88.3%(1361/1542)responders correctly recognized main symptoms of influenza;58.2%(898/1542)ignored the contact transmission of influenza;41.6%(641/1542)didn′t know the frequency of influenza vaccination;82.7%(1276/1542)failed to recognize that pregnant women should also receive influenza vaccination.The survey showed that 31.2%(481/1542)of responders had been vaccinated against influenza.The vaccination rate in community health care institutions was significantly higher than that in district central hospitals[39.1%(304/778)vs.23.2%(177/764),χ^2=45.44,P<0.05].Factors affecting vaccination for healthcare providers were:influenza antigen was variable,and vaccination had no effects[49.5%(404/816)];the efficacy of the flu vaccine was doubt[48.8%(634/1298)];the vaccine wasn′t free[46.5%(604/1298)].The respondents believed that the main ways to improve the influenza vaccination were to formulate relevant national vaccination policies[79.7%(1229/1542)],to regularly publicize knowledge of influenza and influenza vaccine to residents through communities[65.8%(1015/1542)],and to recommend the patients by primary care medical staff[64.4%(993/1542)].Conclusion Many healthcare providers have insufficient knowledge about influenza and vaccine.The vaccination rate of community health institutions is higher than that in district central hospitals in Shanghai.The willingness to promote influenza vaccination can be influenced by some factors.Increasing the willingness of healthcare providers might be helpful to improve the vaccination coverage among residents in the community.