美国雨水收费机制简介及对海绵城市建设的借鉴

An introduction to stormwater fees in the USA and its significance to sponge city development

以海绵城市为代表的现代雨洪管理在中国不断深入,可持续的资金保障机制对下一阶段的建设及建成设施的运维和管理等都十分重要,雨水收费问题逐渐在业界讨论.研究国外的雨水收费案例和发展经验有重要的借鉴意义.介绍了美国雨水收费体系的名称、依据、范围、收费量、计算方法、资金使用、激励返还及减免政策和筹备过程,结合未来雨水收费在中国需要注意的一些问题进行了分析.同时分类讨论了雨水收费推进中的常见壁垒和反对意见,并提出工作重点和建议.

The modern stormwater management,“Sponge City”initiative,is continuously being implemented in China.The sustainable funding stream and mechanism is very important for the next stage of“Sponge City”implementation and the operation and maintenance of the finished facilities.Stormwater fee as one solution gains more attention.Studying foreign stormwater fee systems,including case studies and past experience,is of great significance to China.This article briefly introduces the name,basis,scope,amount of charges,calculation methods,use of funds,incentives and credits policies,and the preparatory process for the stormwater fee system in the United States.Some possible issues that need to be paid attention to in the future in China are discussed.In addition,the common barriers and objections in the advancement of stormwater fees are also discussed,and the corresponding work priorities and suggestions are put forward.