典型民用建筑设备噪声频谱特性与声品质分析探讨

The analysis and discussion of noise spectrum characteristics and sound quality of typical civil construction facilities

建筑设备噪声是建筑内部噪声的主要来源之一,通过对建筑设备噪声的频谱特性和声品质进行分析,探讨利用声品质参数对民用建筑设备噪声,特别是低频噪声的影响进行恰当评价的可行性,从而为后续选择合适的噪声控制措施来减少设备噪声污染提供新的思路。选取了4种建筑中常见的配套设备噪声源进行研究:变频水泵、配电器、排风扇和室外空调机,从声级指标和声品质指标两个方面对设备噪声特性进行探讨。使用Head Acoustic数字式人工头系统进行噪声采样,NOR140噪声分析仪同步展开噪声测量,通过Artemi S频谱分析软件分析噪声的频谱特性,计算各频率段的声能量分布及声品质各项指标。结果表明,在所测量的设备噪声中室外空调机的烦恼度最大;变频水泵的声级峰值位于高频段(15.2~24 Bark),且高频噪声能量占比和响度分布近50%;除水泵外其他设备噪声声级峰值位于低频段(0~3.4Bark),且低频段能量占比最大,响度分布在中频段(3.5~15.2 Bark)超过50%,低频段接近30%。

The noise from construction equipment is one of the main internal noises in buildings. In this article, the spectral characteristics and sound quality of construction equipment noise are analyzed, and the feasibility of using sound quality parameters to evaluate the influence of civil construction equipment noise, especially low-frequency noise, is discussed, so as to provide a new idea for selecting appropriate noise control measures to reduce equipment noise pollution in the future. Four types of common equipment noise sources in buildings are selected for the research: variable frequency pumps, power distributors, exhaust fans, and outdoor air-conditioner units, and their characteristics are discussed from two indicators of sound energy and sound quality. The ‘Head Acoustic’ digital artificial head system is used for sampling the noise, and the ‘NOR140’ noise analyzer conducts the noise measurement simultaneously. The spectrum characteristics of the noise are analyzed by the ‘ArtemiS’ spectrum analysis software to calculate the indicators such as sound energy distribution and sound quality of each frequency band. The results show that the noise of the outdoor air-conditioner units causes the greatest annoyance among the measured equipment noises;the peak of the sound level of the variable frequency pumps is located at high frequencies(15.2~24 Bark), the energy ratio and loudness distribution of the noise at high frequencies are nearly 50%;the peak noise levels of other equipments are located at low frequencies(0~3.4 Bark), and the proportion of sound energy is also the largest;the loudness distribution at mid frequency(3.5~15.2 Bark) is more than 50%, and near 30% at low frequencies.