速度滑冰世界竞争格局与中国竞技实力探析

Analysis on the World Competition Pattern of Speed Skating and China’s Competitive Strength

运用文献资料法、帕累托分析法、数理统计法等研究方法,对近5届冬奥会速度滑冰的获奖情况进行全面分析,揭示速度滑冰的世界竞争格局与中国竞技实力,为我国速度滑冰的进一步发展提供理论参考。研究发现:集团竞争格局方面,第一集团垄断奖牌榜前3名的局面被打破;地域竞争格局方面,欧洲竞技实力极为强盛,亚洲竞技实力有所提升,美洲竞技实力不断下降。分项竞争格局方面,短距离项目是各速滑强国的必争项目,长距离项目上荷兰占据霸主地位。中国速度滑冰队的竞技实力表现为短距离项目虽取得一定突破,但竞技实力尚不稳定,长距离项目竞技实力停滞不前,团体追逐和集体出发项目竞技实力不俗。未来我国速度滑冰的发展应采取转变发展战略、拓宽培养渠道、加强科研工作、重视体能训练等举措。

By using the methods of literature,Pareto analysis and mathematical statistics,this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the awards of speed skating in the recent five Winter Olympic Games,reveals the world competition pattern and China’s competitive strength of speed skating,and provides a theoretical reference for the further development of speed skating in China.It is found that:in terms of group competition pattern,the top three monopoly medals of the first group have been broken;in terms of regional competition pattern,European competitive strength is extremely strong,Asian competitive strength has been improved,and American competitive strength has been declining.In terms of the sub competition pattern,the short distance project is the only one for the speed skating powers,and the Netherlands dominates the long distance project.The competitive strength of Chinese speed skating team shows that although it has made some breakthroughs in short distance events,its competitive strength is not stable,its competitive strength in long distance events is stagnant,and its competitive strength in group pursuit and collective starting events is not bad.In the future,the development of speed skating in our country should take measures such as changing development strategy,broadening training channels,strengthening scientific research and paying attention to physical training.