中药材中镉的生物可给性在风险评估中的应用

Application of Bioaccessibility in Health Risk Assessment of Cd in Traditional Chinese Medicines

目的通过考察中药材中镉(Cd)的生物可给性,并将其应用于人体健康风险评估,为限量标准的制定提供参考依据。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对于黄连、川芎、乌药和莪术4种中药材中Cd的残留量进行测定,通过胃-肠.两步模拟消化法(in riro PBET)体外模拟胃肠消化对药材中Cd的生物可给性进行考察,并应用靶标危害系数法(THQ)评估Cd含量对人体健康产生的风险。结果黄连、川芎、乌药和莪术中Cd的生物可给性分别为49.0%、40.0%、44.9%和65.7%。风险评估结果表明,提取前黄连、川芎、乌药和莪术的THQ分别为1.895.1.045.1.446和1.653;提取后THQ分别为0.929、0.418,0.649和1.077。结论4种药材中的Cd昀不能在人工胃肠中完全吸收,提取后Cd的风险降低,且除莪术外,均降至安全范围内。本实验将中药中重金属的生物可给性应用于健康风险评估模型中,为更加客观、科学地评价中药中重金属对人体的健康风险,制定科学、合理的重金属限量标准提供科学依据。

OBJECTIVE To investigate and apply the bioaccessibility of Cd in traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)to hu-man healh risk assessment,and provide reference for the formulation of limit standards.METHODS The contents of Cd in Coptis chinensis Franch.,Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.,Lindera aggregate(Sims)Kosterm.,and Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee el C.F.Liang were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectromery(ICP-MS).The biocessibility of Cd in TCMs was investigated by in vitro physiologically based extraction test(PBET)digestion method.And the target hazard quotient(THQ)was applied to assess the health risks of Cd contents.RESULTS The bioaccessibility of Cd for Coptis chinensis Franch.,Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.,Lindera aggregate(Sims)Kosterm.,and Curcuma kwangsiensisS.C.LeeetC.F.Li-ang was 49.0%,40.0%,44.9%and 65.7%,respectively.The results of risk assessment showed that before extraction,THQ values of Cd for Coptis chinensis Franch.,Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.,Lindera aggregae(Sims)Kosterm.,and Curcu-ma kwangsiensis S.G.Leeet C.F.Liang were I.895,I.045,1.446 and 1.653,respectively;after extraction,THQ values of Cd for the four types of TCMs were 0.929,0.418,0.649 and I.077,respectively.CONCLUSION Cd in the four types of TCMs cannot be completely absorbed in the artificial gastrointestinal phase,and the risks of Cd are reduced after extraction.Ex-cept THQ for Curcuma khrcangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang,the THQ values are below the value of 1,indiceating very low health risks for the other three types of TCMs after extraction.In this study,the bicacessibility of heavy metals in TCMs is ap-plied 1o the health risk assessment model in order to provide a scientific basis for objectively evaluating the health risks of heavy metals in TCMs and formulating a scientifie and reasonable heavy metal limit standards.