美国基础设施状况和重建计划

The US infrastructure status and its reconstruction plan

2018年2月发布的《美国重建基础设施立法纲要》是近年来美国在基础设施领域的重大改革之一,将对美国乃至世界基建投资、新技术普及、城乡发展产生深远影响。论文基于相关文献和资料,总结了美国基础设施落后的状况,从资金分配入手探讨了"重建计划"内在逻辑,并针对其可行性进行了分析,得出以下几点启示:有针对性、特定领域的基建投资仍是实现高质量发展的重要工具;地方政府与私营部门进入国家基建领域具有积极意义;基建计划的金融化、杠杆化不可避免,但需严防其过度;基建投资在短期上对低技术岗位有明显带动作用。

The "legislative outline for rebuilding infrastructure in America" released in February 2018 is one of the major reforms of the US in the field of infrastructure in recent years. This outline would have far-reaching effects on the spread of new technologies and the urban and rural development in both the US and the world. Based on relevant literature and data, this paper summarized the current situation of the US infrastructure, and discussed the internal logic of the’outline’ from the aspect of allocation of funds, and analyzed its feasibility. Four revelations are drawn as follows: targeted infrastructure investment is still an important tool for achieving highquality development;it is of positive significance for local governments and the private sector to enter the national infrastructure sector;the financialization and leverage of infrastructure investment are inevitable, but their excessiveness must be strictly guarded;in the short term, infrastructure investment has a significant role in driving low-tech jobs.