国家中心城市高校技术创新溢出格局比较研究

Comparative research on technological innovation spillover pattern of universities in central cities in China

依据技术创新合作和技术创新转移两种典型的技术溢出路径,借助合作申请专利、专利技术转移信息,构建了高校技术创新溢出能力评价指标体系。采用熵值法和社会网络分析法,分析了2000—2015年国家中心城市高校技术创新溢出能力变化及影响因素。研究发现:①国家中心城市高校技术创新合作溢出具有较强的地理邻近偏好,以广州最为突出;②与技术创新合作溢出相比,国家中心城市高校技术创新转移溢出的空间敏感度较小,以上海最为明显;③国家中心城市高校技术创新合作溢出能力权重大于创新转移溢出能力,技术创新溢出能力逐渐增强,合作溢出能力具有持续渐进性,转移溢出能力具有周期滞后性;④技术创新溢出能力与经济发展规模、创新人力投入规模和社会网络发展程度具有较为明显的正向相关性,与技术创新产出规模相关性不明显,与地理距离呈负向相关。

With entropy method and social network analysis method,this paper compared and analyzed the changes of technological innovation spillover capacity of universities in National Central Cities from 2000 to 2015. The research indicated:(1)The technological innovation cooperation spillover of universities in National Central Cities has strong spatial proximity preference, which is most prominent in Guangzhou.(2)Compared with technological innovation cooperation spillover, the spatial sensitivity of technological innovation transfer spillover in National Central Cities is relatively small, especially in Shanghai.(3)The capacity weight of technological innovation cooperation in Universities in National Central Cities is greater than that of innovation transfer spillover, and the ability of technological innovation spillover is gradually enhanced, cooperative spillover ability is continuous and progressive, transfer spillover capability has periodic lag.(4) The spillover capacity of technological innovation has obvious positive correlation with the scale of economic development, innovation manpower input scale and degree of social network development. It has no obvious correlation with the scale of technological innovation output, and has negative correlation with geographical distance.