2010~2019年天津市河北区乙型病毒性肝炎流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Viral Hepatitis B in Hebei District of Tianjin from 2010 to 2019

目的了解天津市河北区乙型病毒性肝炎流行特征,为制定有效地预防措施提供依据。方法对2010~2019年天津市河北区的乙型病毒性肝炎的疫情资料进行描述性统计分析。结果2010~2019年乙型病毒性肝炎累计报告782例,年平均发病率8.95/10万,在病毒性肝炎中占构成比有逐年下降趋势,发病无明显季节性。男性年均发病率(11.2/10万)高于女性(6.13/10万),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);发病年龄集中于25~64岁,其中45~49岁发病率最高,为15.45/10万;职业分布以家务及待业为主,占21.99%。宁园街年均发病率最高(10.19/10万),望海楼街最低(5.94/10万)。2010~2019年共报告急性乙肝92例,男性57例,女性24例;保护因素乙肝疫苗接种率仅为4.94%;感染因素中构成前4位的是家庭成员中有乙肝携带者(28.40%)、私人口腔诊疗(13.58%)、创伤性美容(9.88%)、服务场所修脚(7.41%),不同性别创伤性美容暴露率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其余因素比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论天津市河北区乙肝发病率有下降趋势,25岁以上男性人群是重点防控人群,人口相对密集的老居住区是重点防控区域,应继续加强乙肝疫苗接种、乙肝防控知识宣传等工作。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus in Hebei District,Tianjin,provide a basis for formulating effective preventive measures.Methods Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the epidemic data of hepatitis B virus in Hebei District of Tianjin from 2010 to 2019.Results A total of 782 cases of viral hepatitis B were reported from 2010 to 2019,with an average annual incidence rate of 8.95 per 100,000.The proportion of viral hepatitis in viral hepatitis has a downward trend year by year,and the incidence has no obvious seasonality.The average annual incidence of men(11.2/100,000)is higher than that of women(6.13/100,000),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the age of onset was concentrated in 25-64 years old,with the highest incidence in 45-49 years old.15.45/100,000;the occupation distribution was mainly housework and unemployed,accounting for 21.99%.Ningyuan Street has the highest average annual incidence rate(10.19/100,000),and Wanghailou Street has the lowest(5.94/100,000).A total of 92 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported from 2010 to 2019,including 57 males and 24 females;the protective factor hepatitis B vaccination rate was only 4.94%;the top 4 infection factors were family members with hepatitis B carriers(28.40%),private dental treatment(13.58%),traumatic cosmetology(9.88%),pedicure in service places(7.41%),the comparison of the exposure rate of traumatic cosmetology of different genders,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);Compared with other factors,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion There was a downward trend in the incidence of hepatitis B in Hebei District,Tianjin.Men over 25 years of age were the key population for prevention and control,and relatively densely populated old residential areas were the key prevention and control areas.We should continue to strengthen hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis B prevention and control knowledge publicity.