中国农村留守儿童与非留守儿童攻击行为及影响因素比较

Aggressive behaviors among left-behind and non-left-behind children in rural China: a comparative analysis

目的了解我国农村留守儿童与非留守儿童攻击行为差异,探讨其影响因素,为预防攻击行为提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,于2014年11月—2015年5月,对我国5个省份农村中小学生使用Buss-Warren攻击问卷、忽视与虐待问卷、青少年心理韧性量表进行调查。结果本次纳入研究对象16977人,其中留守儿童5477人,占32.26%,非留守儿童11500人,占67.74%。留守儿童攻击行为总分及身体攻击、言语攻击、间接攻击、愤怒、敌意维度得分均高于非留守儿童(70.96±16.53 vs.69.03±16.50、13.51±4.50 vs.13.00±4.83、12.16±3.27 vs.11.92±3.34、12.07±3.86 vs.11.79±3.82、15.54±4.58 vs.15.35±4.55、17.68±5.34 vs.16.96±5.29),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。留守儿童与非留守儿童比较,同性别(男生:33.19%vs.29.60%;女生:28.91%vs.25.63%)、小学4~6年级(31.26%vs.25.16%)、初中(30.18%vs.26.79%)、主要照料人为母亲(29.89%vs.26.62%)、主要照料人管教方式为民主(26.99%vs.25.12%)或严格(31.94%vs.25.79%),留守儿童攻击行为检出率均高于非留守儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。logistic回归分析结果显示,留守儿童发生攻击行为风险是非留守儿童的1.105倍。性别、教养方式、躯体虐待以及心理韧性是攻击行为的共同影响因素(P<0.05)。结论留守儿童发生攻击行为风险比非留守儿童高;男生、不良教养方式、发生躯体虐待与攻击行为正向关联,心理韧性与攻击行为负向关联。

Objective To compare differences in aggression behaviors among rural left-behind children(LBC)and nonleft-behind children(NLBC)and to explore factors influencing the differences for providing evidences to interventions on the children’s aggression behaviors.Methods Using stratified multistage cluster sampling,we conducted a survey among primary and high school students recruited in 5 provinces across China from November 2014 to May 2015.A questionnaire on general information,the Buss-Warren Aggression Questionnaire Revised in China(BWAQ-RC),Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales,and the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents were adopoted to assess the students′aggression behaviors,neglect,physical abuse,and resilience.Results Of the 16977 students surveyed,5477(32.26%)and 11500(67.74%)were LBC and NLBC.Compared to the NLBC,the LBC showed significantly higher overall BWAQ-RC score(70.96±16.53 vs.69.03±16.50)and domain scores of physical aggression(13.51±4.50 vs.13.00±4.83),verbal aggression(12.16±3.27 vs.11.92±3.34),indirect aggression(12.07±3.86 vs.11.79±3.82),anger(15.54±4.58 vs.15.35±4.55),and hostility(17.68±5.34 vs.16.96±5.29)(P<0.01 for all).Significantly higher rate of aggressive behaviors was reported by the LBC than the NLBC in the following same subgroups of the students:the males(33.19%vs.29.60%),the females(28.91%vs.25.63%),primary school students of grade 4–6(31.26%vs.25.16%),junior high school students(30.18%vs.26.79%),with mother as the main caregiver(29.89%vs.26.62%),under democratic style parenting of main caregivers(26.99%vs.25.12%),and under strict style parenting of main caregivers(31.94%vs.25.79%)(all P<0.01).The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the LBC were more likely to have aggressive behaviors than the NLBC(odds ratio=1.105,95%confidence interval:1.016–1.200)and major influencing factors for aggressive behaviors were gender,parenting style,physical abuse,and resilience in both LBC and NLBC.Conclusion Left behind may be a risk factor for aggressive behaviors and the prevalence of aggressive behavior is positively influenced by male gender,undesirable parenting style,and physical abuse but reversely by resilience among rural primary and high school children.