北京海淀区2008—2016年高中生肥胖趋势及相关行为因素分析

Increasing trend of obesity and its related factors among senior high school students in Haidian district of Beijing, 2008 – 2016

目的了解海淀区高中生肥胖增长趋势及相关因素,初步估计干预措施的效果。方法按照分层整群随机抽样方法,对重点高中、普通高中、职业高中三类学校使用统一印制的中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷,于2008、2010、2012、2014、2016年对海淀区高中生进行问卷调查。结果海淀区高中生肥胖率为10.19%,从2008年的5.36%增加到2016年的15.06%,呈逐年上升趋势(趋势χ^2=122.01,P=0.001)。男女生肥胖率均呈上升趋势,男生平均每年增长1.60%,女生增长0.75%。经常喝汽水、经常吃西式快餐的学生呈逐年上升趋势(χ^2=634.592,P=0.001;χ^2=30.379,P=0.001)。三类高中学生肥胖率均呈上升趋势,2016年与2008年相比,普通高中、职业高中、重点高中的肥胖率增幅分别为7.17%、22.15%、3.66%,职业高中增幅最大;职业高中肥胖率高于普通高中(χ^2=65.296,P=0.001),普通高中肥胖率高于重点高中(χ^2=22.078,P=0.001)。多因素分析结果显示,影响肥胖的因素为年份、性别、是否住宿、学校类型、网络成瘾、来自隔代家庭、自觉学习成绩。结论海淀区高中生肥胖率呈持续上升趋势,其中职业高中、男生肥胖率上升迅猛;经常喝汽水、吃西式快餐可能是海淀区高中生肥胖率增高的主要原因;建议开展基于学校家庭的、更深层次的个性化体重控制指导。

Objective To examine changing trend in obesity and its related factors and to assess the effect of intervention on obesity preliminarily among senior high school students in Haidian district of Beijing.Methods We extracted data from5 waves of National Survey on Adolescents Health Risk Behavior conducted in 2008,2010,2012,2014,and 2016 among senior high school students selected in key,common and vocational high schools with multistage random cluster sampling in Haidian district of Beijing.The participants of the surveys completed anonymously a questionnaire developed by the Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention.Results The overall obesity prevalence rate was 10.19%among the senior high school students in the 5 waves of the survey and the rate increased from 5.36%in 2008 to 15.06%in 2016,with a significant increase(χ^2=122.01,P=0.001)and the average annual increase of 1.60%and 0.75%for the boy and girl students during the period from 2008 to 2016.The overall obesity prevalence rate in the vocational high school students was significantly higher than that in the common high school students(χ^2=65.296,P=0.001)and the rate in the common high school students was significantly higher than that in the key high school students(χ^2=22.078,P=0.001).The ratios of the students reporting the consumptions of soft drinks and western fast-food increased during the survey period significantly(χ^2=634.592,P=0.001 andχ^2=30.379,P=0.001).Compared to those in the survey of 2008,the prevalence rate of obesity increased by 22.15%,7.17%,3.66%among the students of vocational,common,and key high schools in the survey of 2016.Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the year of survey,gender,whether being a boarding student,type of the school,whether having internet addiction,whether living with grandparents,and self-rated academic performance were significant influencing factors of obesity among the students.Conclusion The obesity prevalence rate increased continuously from 2008 to 2016 among senior high school students,especially among vocational school and boy students in Haidian district of Beijing and the increase may be correlated mainly with the increased consumption of soft drinks and western fast-food.The results suggest that school-based and family-focused interventions on personal weight control should be implemented in the students.