澳门2009—2017年吸毒流行趋势分析

Trend in prevalence of drug abuse in Macao Special Administrative Region:2009 – 2017

目的了解中国澳门2009—2017年吸毒流行趋势。方法回顾分析2009—2017年"澳门药物滥用者中央登记系统"数据。结果2009—2017年澳门吸毒人员以男性、初中学历、无家人吸毒、有犯罪记录者为主(80.2%、45.4%、89.4%、59.7%),且此比例与年份呈正相关(r均为0.7,P均<0.05)。吸毒人员平均年龄及首次吸毒平均年龄与年份呈正相关(r均为0.9,P均<0.01),最近3个月吸食海洛因平均年龄高于可卡因、亚甲二氧基甲安非他命和氯胺酮(P均<0.01)。吸毒人员吸毒种类以1种为主,吸毒主要地点为自己家、朋友家为主,其比例与年份呈正相关(r分别0.7、0.8,P均<0.05)。吸毒原因以朋辈影响和减低压力、痛苦为主,其比例与年份无直线相关性(P均>0.05)。澳门吸毒人员吸毒平均每月开支与年份无直线相关性。结论澳门吸毒人员男性、初中学历、无家人吸毒、有犯罪记录、在自己家及朋友家吸毒的比例呈增长趋势,吸毒人员平均年龄及首次吸毒平均年龄呈上升趋势。

Objective To analyze the trend in prevalence of drug abuse in Macao Special Administrative Region(Macao)during 2009–2017.Methods We collected data of 2009–2017 on drug abuse from the Central Registration System for Drug Abusers in Macao and analyzed the data retrospectively.Results Of all the registered drug abusers in Macao during the period,80.2%were male;89.4%received the education of junior secondary school;45.4%were from the families with no other drug abuser;and 59.7%had a criminal record.Significantly positive correlations were observed between the proportions and the years(r=0.7 for all,P<0.05 for all).The average age of drug abusers and average age at first drug abuse were positively correlated with the years(r=0.9 for both,both P<0.01 for all).For the drug abuser during the previous three months,the average age of heroin abusers was higher than that of cocaine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine(MDMA)and ketamine abusers(P<0.01 for all).Inverse correlations were found between the proportion of drug abusers mainly using a single type of drug and taking drugs at home/friend’s home with the years(r=0.7,0.8 respectively,P<0.05 for all).Peer influence and stress/pain relief were the main contributing factors for drug abuse and the proportion of the drug abusers reporting the two contributing factors was not correlated linearly with the years(P>0.05).No linear correlation was found between monthly drug expenses and the years(P>0.05).Conclusion Drug abusers in Macao are mainly male,with the education of junior secondary school,from a family with no other drug abuser,with criminal record,and abusing drugs at home or friends’home;the proportions of the drug abusers with those mentioned characteristics increased yearly and the average age and the age at first drug abuse also increased yearly during the period from 2009 to 2017.