2型糖尿病患者对高强度间歇运动体验的质性研究

Qualitative research of high intensity interval training experience in type 2 diabetes

目的了解2型糖尿病患者对高强度间歇运动(HIIT/HIT)的认识及其体验的历程,分析患者参与该治疗处方的影响因素,为制订符合患者的运动计划和开展针对性的护理提供参考。方法应用现象学研究方法,对青岛市中心医院内分泌科2019年3—11月收治的11例进行HIIT的2型糖尿病患者进行半结构式深入访谈,采用现象学研究方法进行资料分析、提炼主题。结果共提炼出3个主题10个亚主题。主观体验:积极的情绪体验,对HIIT认同不一致,高强度负荷持续时间与循环次数影响运动积极性,原有生活习惯改变的不适感;运动促进因素:运动耗时短,血糖控制平稳,不受自然环境限制且简便经济;运动阻碍因素:社会角色压力增大,强化干预的刺激不足,担心意外事件。结论2型糖尿病患者在高强度间歇运动过程中存在促进因素与阻碍因素,但其对运动有较强求知意识和多样化的希望,医护人员及时干预与正确指导可以帮助患者正确实施方案,提高其运动依从性,更好地控制血糖,预防、延缓并发症发生发展。

Objective To understand the understanding and experience of high intensity interval training(HIIT/HIT)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),analyze the influencing factors of patients′participation in the treatment prescription,and provide references for the formulation of the exercise plan and the implementation of targeted nursing.Methods Totally 11 cases of T2DM HIIT patients admitted to the department of endocrinology,a third-class first-class hospital in Qingdao from March to November 2019 were interviewed in a semi-structured way,and the data were analyzed and extracted using the phenomenological research method.Results A total of three themes and 10 subjective themes were extracted.Subjective experience:positive emotional experience,the recognition HIIT is inconsistent,duration and high intensity load cycles affect sports enthusiasm,the discomfort of original changes in lifestyle);promoting factor:movement time,stable blood sugar control,simple is not restricted by the natural environment and economy;hindering factors:social role pressure,insufficient strengthened intervention of stimulus,worrying about an accident.Conclusion There are promoting factors and obstacles in the process of high intensity intermittent motion in patients with type 2 diabetes,but its strong knowledge for sports consciousness and the hope of diversification,medical personnel can timely give intervention and correct guidance to help patients correct implementation plan,improve the exercise adherence,better control of blood sugar,prevent and delay the development of complications.