拜占廷史籍所见之诺曼人

The Normans Narrated in the Historical Sources of Byzantine

拜占廷史籍关于诺曼人的记述不多,主要有安娜·康内娜所著其父皇传记《阿历克塞》和11世纪拜占廷著名神哲学家、政治家、编年史作家迈克尔·普塞洛斯所著《编年史》。这两部史籍记述了三种诺曼人:帝国的侵掠者——罗伯特·吉斯卡尔、反叛的归附者——巴约勒的鲁塞尔、忠实的归附者——罗伯特·克里斯平。卡拉布里亚和阿普利亚公爵罗伯特·吉斯卡尔,因其亲家拜占廷皇帝迈克尔被废黜,兴兵进攻拜占廷。两位拜占廷诺曼归附者的命运令人唏嘘,无论忠诚与否,在波诡云谲的拜占廷,诺曼归附者首领们一旦失去利用价值便被弃如敝屣。

There are few records about Normans in Byzantine historical sources,mainly including the biography of her father and Emperor,The Alexiad,written by Anna Komnena,and Chronographia written by Michael Psellus,the famous Byzantine theological philosopher,statesman and chronicler in the 11th century.These two historical books describe three kinds of Normans:Robert Guiscard,the riders of the Empire;Roussel de Bailleul,the adherents of rebellion;Robert Crispin,the faithful adherents.Because the Byzantine Emperor Michael was deposed,Robert Guiscard,the Duke of Calabria and Apulia,as well as Michael’s relative in law,launched an army to attack Byzantine.The fate of the two adherents of Norman in Byzantine was deplorable,whether loyal or not,in the treacherous Byzantine,the leaders of Norman adherents would be abandoned once they lost their value of use.