民国时期牛瘟的流行与防治

Epidemic and Prevention of Rinderpest in the Period of the Republic of China

中国传统农业社会中,耕牛是农耕区普遍饲育的大型役畜,在农业生产中起着极为重要的作用。中华民国时期,由于国家农村卫生防疫工作有限,农民又缺乏医疗卫生知识,因此牛瘟在全国范围内普遍流行,耕牛死亡不计其数。牛瘟导致耕牛大量死亡,加剧了农牧业经济的衰退,乡村公共卫生环境更加恶化,社会秩序混乱。牛瘟的破坏性使国家兽疫防治工作提上了议程,通过设立防疫机构、宣传动员及防治实践活动,普通民众的科学意识有所提高,农民对待现代兽医知识的态度及其防治牛瘟的方式也逐渐发生了变化。

In the traditional agricultural society of China,cattle were the large-scale draught animals which were widely raised in the farming areas and played an important role in agricultural production.During the period of the Republic of China,due to the limited health and epidemic prevention work in rural areas and the lack of medical and health knowledge among farmers,rinderpest was prevalent throughout the country and countless cattle died.Rinderpest caused a large number of deaths of farm cattle,aggravated the decline of agriculture and animal husbandry economy,worsened the rural public health environment,and caused social disorder.The destructiveness of rinderpest had put the national prevention and control work on the agenda.Through the establishment of epidemic prevention agencies,propaganda and mobilization,prevention and control practice,the scientific consciousness of ordinary people had been improved,and the attitude of farmers towards modern veterinary knowledge and the way of prevention and control of rinderpest have gradually changed.