基于皮层脑网络的背景音乐对空间认知工作记忆影响的实验研究

Research on the effect of background music on spatial cognitive working memory based on cortical brain network

背景音乐日益影响着人们的生活,研究背景音乐对工作记忆的影响成为脑科学的热点。本文设计了基于n-back范式的改进的脑电实验,随机招募15名未接受过音乐专业训练的在校大学生作为被试,同步采集被试的行为学数据和头皮脑电数据,以探究不同类型背景音乐对于空间认知工作记忆的影响。采用精确的低分辨率层析成像方法(eLORETA)方法进行脑电溯源,针对溯源后的信号,利用互相关方法构建皮层脑功能网络,并对不同音乐类型下脑网络的特征属性进行分析对比。结果显示,不同音乐类型下刺激后峰值期的差异主要分布在枕叶与颞叶(P<0.05)。对皮层脑网络进行分析的结果显示,背景音乐存在情况下的脑连接性明显高于无音乐状态;摇滚音乐状态下大脑右侧枕叶和颞叶区域的连接性相比于古典音乐状态显著增加;无音乐状态下的节点度、介数中心度、聚类系数均低于有背景音乐;古典音乐状态下的节点度、聚类系数低于摇滚音乐状态。结果表明,音乐刺激提高了大脑的活跃程度,且摇滚音乐比古典音乐的影响更明显。行为学数据统计结果显示,无音乐状态下的反应正确率为86.09%±0.090%,古典音乐为80.96%±0.960%,摇滚音乐为79.36%±0.360%。研究结果表明,背景音乐会对大脑的工作记忆造成影响,占用大脑认知资源,降低大脑的空间定位认知能力。

Background music has been increasingly affecting people’s lives.The research on the influence of background music on working memory has become a hot topic in brain science.In this paper,an improved electroencephalography(EEG)experiment based on n-back paradigm was designed.Fifteen university students without musical training were randomly selected to participate in the experiment,and their behavioral data and the EEG data were collected synchronously in order to explore the influence of different types of background music on spatial positioning cognition working memory.The exact low-resolution brain tomography algorithm(eLORETA)was applied to localize the EEG sources and the cross-correlation method was used to construct the cortical brain function networks based on the EEG source signals.Then the characteristics of the networks under different conditions were analyzed and compared to study the effects of background music on people’s working memory.The results showed that the difference of peak periods after stimulated by different types of background music were mainly distributed in the signals of occipital lobe and temporal lobe(P<0.05).The analysis results showed that the brain connectivity under the condition with background music were stronger than those under the condition without music.The connectivities in the right occipital and temporal lobes under the condition of rock music were significantly higher than those under the condition of classical music.The node degrees,the betweenness centrality and the clustering coefficients under the condition without music were lower than those under the condition with background music.The node degrees and clustering coefficients under the condition of classical music were lower than those under the condition of rock music.It indicates that music stimulation increases the brain activity and has an impact on the working memory,and the effect of rock music is more remarkable than that of classical music.The behavioral data showed that the response accuracy in the state of no music,classical music and rock music were 86.09%±0.090%,80.96%±0.960%and 79.36%±0.360%,respectively.We conclude that background music has a negative impact on the working memory,for it takes up the cognitive resources and reduces the cognitive ability of spatial location.