再论海岱地区的史前牙璋

A New Analysis of the Prehistoric Jade zhang in the Haidai Region

分布遍及黄河、长江和岭南等广大地区的牙璋,是中国新石器时代晚期和青铜时代极为重要的玉礼器。关于牙璋的起源问题,学术界一直存在着不同意见。山东东部地区四个地点出土的牙璋,形制原始,年代较早,出土牙璋的遗址和伴出的镯类玉石器等,主要为大汶口文化晚期,部分可延续到龙山文化早期。据此,可以确认牙璋最早起源于东方海岱地区新石器时代晚期。

The Yazhang jade artifacts were widely distributed in the Yellow River,Yangzi River and Lingnan areas,which made import ritual artifacts during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age in China.Its origin has been highly debated.Yazhang unearthed from four regions of eastern Shandong are of relatively early date and primitive design.Their accompanying artifacts,such as jade or stone bracelets,were of typical features from the late Dawenkou to early Longshan period.Therefore,Yazhang should have originated during the late Neolithic period in the Haidai area,Shandong.