伯明翰话语分析学派课堂互动经典结构述评

Review on Classical Interactive Structure of Birmingham School of DA

伯明翰学派话语分析模式由英国伯明翰大学莘柯徕和珂海塔基于小学课堂中师生课堂对话语料为依据首次提出。对伯明翰话语分析学派经典理论展开详细描述,从经典结构系统的发展背景、理论渊源与构建基础等出发,阐明伯明翰学派建构该体系的背景原因与理论基础,进而从最高级阶开始对系统进行深入阐述呈现,对其描述的课堂话语模式即IRF模式展开探讨,特别将对其经典分析系统的具体结构即课的结构、课段结构、话轮结构、话步结构、话目结构五个层次由高到低进行详尽描述,并说明每个级阶结构如何由下一级阶单元体现,最后探讨了伯明翰学派话语分析模式的一些不足与发展,以期对我国外语教学有一定借鉴意义。

The discourse analysis model of the Birmingham School was first proposed by Sinclair and Kurhart of the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom based on the classroom corpus of teachers and students in elementary school classrooms.This article describes the classic theory of the Birmingham School of Discourse Analysis in detail,starting from the development background of the classic structural system,theoretical sources and construction foundations,etc.,clarifies the background reasons and theoretical basis of the Birmingham School's construction of the system,and then starts from the highest level in-depth elaboration and presentation,to explore the classroom discourse model IRF model,especially the specific structure of the classic analysis system,that is,the structure of lesson,transaction,exchange,move,act from high to low,and explains how each level structure is reflected by the next level unit.Finally,it discusses some shortcomings and development of the Birmingham School’s discourse analysis mode,with a view to our foreign language teaching.