用病媒生物问题清单推动城市病媒生物防治的探索

The exploration on promoting urban vector management by using vector spot checklist

目的探索城市病媒生物问题难以整改的解决方法,提升城市病媒生物防治效益。方法在武汉11城区分别选96个及25个病媒生物目测法监测发现严重病媒问题点位的场所为试验组和对照组。制作包含严重病媒问题点位精确定位风险地图的病媒生物问题清单。发送试验组清单至区爱卫办及相关部门,建议区爱卫办要求整改。回访评估整改效果。场所分政府承包居民区、机关企事业单位等7个类别,严重病媒问题点位分室内鼠迹、蚊虫孳生等8个类别。应用SPSS进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析。结果共监测387个严重病媒问题点位,其中蚊虫孳生点位最多(245个,占63.3%)。7城区爱卫办严肃对待清单揭示的问题,行政干预涉及81个场所共计269个点位。73个场所,211个点位整改有效。政府承包居民区整改明显比其他场所有效(OR=2.676,P=0.032),行政干预的场所整改更有效(OR=7.767,P<0.001)。政府承包居民区严重病媒问题点位整改明显比非政府承包居民区、农贸市场、餐饮店有效(P<0.05)。行政干预的严重病媒问题点位整改明显更有效(OR=8.949,P<0.001)。结论采用病媒生物问题清单能有效推动责任部门及场所的整改,提升爱卫会的监督效率,宜逐步推广应用。

Objective To explore solutions for the difficulties in rectifying the problems of vector infestation in urban premises and to improve the effectiveness of urban vector management.Methods 96 and 25 premises,where severe vector spots(SVSs) were found by vector visual surveillance,were selected as treatment and comparison group in 11 districts of Wuhan.Vector spot checklists(VSCs) including vector risk maps which accurately located SVSs were written and delivered to the related District Patriotic Health Campaign Committee Offices(DPHCCOs) and departments.The DPHCCOs were recommended to ask for rectifications.The rectification effects were evaluated by return visits.The studied premises were classified into 7 types:government contracted residential areas(GCRAs),government agencies and enterprises and institutions(GAEIs),etc.SVSs were classified into 8 types:indoor rodent traces,mosquito habitats,etc.The data was analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression by SPSS statistical software.Results A total of 387 SVSs were inspected,mostly mosquito habitats(245,63.3%).Seven DPHCCOs took seriously what the VSCs revealed,and the administrative interventions involved 269 SVSs in 81 premises.The rectifications of 211 SVSs in 73 premises were effective.The rectifications of GCRAs were significantly more effective than other premise types(OR=2.676,P=0.032).Administrative intervention significantly improved the efficiency of premise rectifications(OR=7.767,P<0.001).Rectifications of SVSs of GCRAs were significantly more effective than non-GCRAs,farmer’s markets,eating and drinking establishment(P<0.05).The administrative intervention significantly improved rectification efficiency of SVSs(OR=8.949,P<0.001).Conclusion Using VSCs effectively promote rectifications of responsible departments and premises,and improve the supervision efficiency of the Patriotic Health Campaign Committee,and is appropriate to be gradually promoted and applied.