2009—2018年南京市主要虫媒传染病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiologic characteristics of major vector-borne diseases in Nanjing from 2009 to 2018

目的分析2009—2018年南京市主要虫媒传染病流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供参考。方法收集2009—2018年南京市主要虫媒传染病监测数据,进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2009—2018年南京市主要报告6种虫媒传染病,累计报告病例767例,年均发病率0.98/10万(0.65/10万~1.27/10万),除2011年外,发病率总体呈上升趋势(χ~2=27.07,P<0.001),报告发病率从高到低依次是肾综合征出血热、恙虫病、疟疾、发热伴血小板减少综合征、登革热和流行性乙型脑炎。发病时间集中在4—7月和10月、11月,占40.29%(309/767)和27.25%(209/767)。发病率居前3位的为高淳区(3.52/10万)、溧水区(2.50/10万)和江宁区(1.22/10万)。发病年龄主要集中在25~69岁,占82.92%(636/767);男性发病率高于女性;职业以农民为主,占44.20%(339/767)。结论南京市近十年主要虫媒传染病发病总体呈上升趋势,发病具有明显的季节性、地域性和人群特征。应根据不同疾病的特点,对高发地区和高发人群制定相应的防控措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristic of major vector-borne diseases in Nanjing from 2009 to 2018,and provide a reference for developing effective strategies to prevent and control vector-borne diseases.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the surveillance data of vector-borne diseases in Nanjing from 2009 to 2018.Results From 2009 to 2018,six major vector-borne diseases were reported in Nanjing.A total of 767 cases were reported with the average annual incidence of 0.98/100 000(between 0.65/100 000 and 1.27/100 000). The overall incidence was in an increasing trend(χ~2=27.07,P<0.001).The incidences from high to low were hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS),scrub typhus,malaria,severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS),dengue fever,and Japanese encephalitis.The cases mainly occurred from April to July and between October to November,accounting for 40.29%(309/767) and 27.25%(209/767) of the total,respectively.The three districts with the higher incidence were Gaochun(3.52/100 000),Lishui(2.50/100 000),and Jiangning(1.22/100 000). People with age of 25-69 year-old had the highest incidence,82.92%(636/767).The incidence of males was higher than that of females.The farmers took the biggest portion,44.20%(339/767),of the reported cases.Conclusion The overall incidence of the major vector-borne diseases in Nanjing was increasing during the past ten years.These results showed obviously seasonal,regional and population characteristics.Based on the distributive characteristics of different diseases,it is necessary to make more effective measures for high incidence districts and high-risk populations.