2015—2019年内蒙古自治区肾综合征出血热流行特征分析

Epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Inner Mongolia of China from 2015 to 2019

目的了解2015—2019年内蒙古自治区肾综合征出血热(HFRS)分布特征,判断疾病发展态势,为防治该疾病提供建议和对策。方法用Excel 2013对2015—2019年国家传染病报告信息管理系统中的内蒙古自治区HFRS疫情资料进行统计学分析。结果内蒙古自治区累计报告HFRS病例682例,死亡病例4例,病死率为0.59%(4/682)。高发地区集中在呼伦贝尔市,有477例;10—12月为发病高峰期,共有299例,占43.84%;发病年龄以35~65岁人群为主,占发病总人数的72.58%(495/682);职业以农民为主。内蒙古自治区2015年、2016年和2017年HFRS发病率呈下降趋势,2018年和2019年呈上升态势,存在暴发隐患。结论内蒙古自治区除呼伦贝尔市保持HFRS高发态势之外,兴安盟发病数逐年上升,须加强人间及鼠间监测。作为国家级监测点之一的巴彦淖尔市近4年无病例报道,应加强监测,并分析其原因。各地区要坚持开展综合性防治措施,以实现对HFRS的有效控制。

Objective To understand the recent epidemic status of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Inner Mongolia in order to judge the trend of development of this disease and to establish measures and recommendations for disease control.Methods The monitoring data of HFRS in Inner Mongolia from 2015 to 2019 were statistically analyzed with Excel 2013 software.Results A total of 682 HFRS cases and 4 deaths were reported in Inner Mongolia with case fatality rate 0.59%,and the average annual incidence was 0.5412/100 000 from 2015 to 2019.The HFRS cases mainly concentrated in the Hulunbeier City,with 477 cases.The peak of the disease was from October to December,with 299 cases,accounting for 43.84%.The age of onset was mainly 35-65 years old,accounting for 72.58%(495/682) of the total number of patients.Farmer had the highest incidence in all occupations.After the incidence of HFRS decreased in 2015,2016 and 2017,the incidence of HFRS increased in 2018 and 2019 in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,with potential outbreak risks.Conclusion In addition to the high incidence of HFRS in the Hulunbuir,the incidence of HFRS in Hinggan League has been increasing year by year.Surveillance of HFRS among humans and rodents should be strengthened.There were no cases reported in Bayannur,one of the national surveillance sites,so the surveillance should be strengthened,and the reasons should be analyzed.It is necessary to take integrated management to prevent and control HFRS effectively.