微塑料健康危害效应的研究进展

Research progress on health hazards of microplastics

微塑料是指环境中粒径小于5 mm的塑料纤维、颗粒或薄膜,作为一种新型的环境污染物,其污染状况和毒性效应日益受到关注。微塑料广泛存在于大气、水体和土壤等环境介质中,通过胃肠道摄入、呼吸道吸入和皮肤接触等途径富集于生物体内,可诱导细胞毒性、损伤组织器官以及产生复合暴露健康危害效应。本文系统回顾了微塑料在生物体中的暴露途径、健康危害效应及作用机制,为微塑料的环境健康危害研究提供参考。

Microplastics refer to plastic fibers, particles or films less than 5 millimeters, as a new type of environmental pollutants, whose pollution situation and toxic effects have attracted extensive attention. Microplastics are widely distributed in the atmosphere, water and soil, and are enriched in organism through gastrointestinal tract ingestion, respiratory tract inhalation and skin contact. Microplastics can induce cytotoxicity, damage tissues and organs, and cause compound health hazards. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the exposure pathways, health hazards and mechanisms of microplastics in organisms, in order to provide reference for the studies into the environmental health hazards of microplastics.