急性呼吸道感染患者病毒检测及相关危险因素分析

Analysis of virus detection and related risk factors in patients with an acute respiratory tract infection

目的检测急性呼吸道感染患者感染病毒种类,分析感染相关危险因素。方法2017年1月~2019年7月本院收治的急性呼吸道感染患者385例,采集鼻咽分泌物,采用免疫荧光试剂盒检测呼吸道病毒感染情况;收集患者临资料,分析RSV、HRV病毒感染的相关危险因素。结果385例急性呼吸道感染患者中共132例检出呼吸道病毒,占34.29%;其中RSV和HRV感染分别占43.94%(58/132)和24.24%(32/132),PIV2和PIVl分别占0.76%(1/132)和1.52%(2/132)。经Logistic多因素分析,秋、冬季节为RSV感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05),春、夏季节及特应性体质为HRV感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论急性呼吸道感染病原体以病毒多见,主要为RSV和HRV。春、夏季节为RSV感染危险因素,秋、冬季节及特应性体质为HRV感染危险因素,可为急性呼吸道感染的防治提供参考。

Objective To analyze virus detection and related risk factors in patients with an acute respiratory tract infection.Methods Subjects were 385 patients with an acute respiratory tract infection seen at this Hospital from January 2017 to July 2019.Within 24 hoursof admission,nasopharynx secretions were collected using sterile negative pressure suction.After the nasal cavity was cleaned,the plastic suction hose was inserted 7-8 cm into the pharynx through the nasal cavity.Two ml of nasopharynx secretions was aspirated and transferred to test tube containing sterile normal saline.After shaking and mixing,the mixture was sent for examination.Ae respiratory tract virus infection was detected with an immunofluorescence kit.The risk factors for RSV and HRV infection in patients with an acute respiratory tract infection were analyzed.Results Of 385 patients with an acute respiratory tract infection,132(34.28%)were infected with a virus.The most prevalent viruses were RSV(43.94%,58/132)and HRV(24.24%,32/132)while the least prevalent viruses were PIV2(0.76%,1/132)and PIVl(1.52%,2/132).According to univariate analysis,an acute respiratory tract RSV infection was correlated with season,age,and disease type(P<0.05 for all).HRV infection was correlated with season,age,disease type,and an atopic constitution(P<0.05 for all).Further logistic multivariate analysis indicated that the autumn and winter seasons were independent risk factors for an RSV infection[B=1.645,S.E=0.278,Wald=35.398,OR(95%C.I)=5.202(3.021-8.955),P<0.05].Spring and,summer seasons and an atopic constitution were independent risk factors for an HRV infection[B=0.824,SE=0.532,Wald=11.755,OR(95%C.I)=6.162(2.179-117.426),B=1.613,S.E=0.421,Wald=14.679,OR(95%C.I)=4.993(2.193-11.367),P<0.05]Conclusion AViruses account for a large proportion of acute respiratory tract infection.RSV and HRV are the main pathogens causing an acute respiratory tract infection.Spring and summer were risk factors for an RSV infection.The autumn and,winter seasons and an atopic constitution were risk factors for an HRV infection.These findings can provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory tract infections.