环境风险到社会风险的转化机理

Transitional Mechanism from Environmental Risk to Social Risk

环境问题是阐释当代中国风险社会最具代表性的公共议题。环境风险正处于从管控到共治的治理路径转型期,频发的环境风险事件折射出环境风险到社会风险转化困局。立足场域理论与风险的社会放大框架,尝试弥合环境风险到社会风险转化研究的结构主义与建构主义鸿沟,建构"场域-感知-行为"分析框架,将风险转化结果类型二分为风险放大与风险衰减。基于CGSS2013的调查数据,采用结构方程深描环境风险到社会风险转化机理。验证"起始阶段环境风险水平为客观风险概率时,经传递与放大后表征为不同主观认知后果"的总体研究假设。研究发现:位置、资本、惯习、风险感知、信息搜寻、认知评价、风险放大行为以及风险衰减行为8个要素显著影响风险转化过程,且存在"场域-感知""场域-行为""感知-行为"三维风险转化路径和放大型、累积型两重风险转化逻辑。研究为风险转化的"客观风险-主观认知-行为选择"演进链条提供了新的经验证据,超越了以往"结构-行动者"、"感知-行为"的讨论框架,具有一定的防控风险转化的政策价值。

Environmental issues are the most representative public issues explaining the risk society in contemporary China.Frequent environmental risks reveal the transitional difficulties from environmental to social field.This paper makes efforts to bridge the gap between the structuralism and the constructivism in the research of transition from environmental to social risk.Furthermore,the analysis framework of"field-perceptionbehavior"is constructed,and the result is divided into two types:the risk amplification and the risk attenuation.Based on the survey data of CGSS2013,the transitional mechanism is deeply described by the structural equation.Moreover,the overall research hypothesis is represented as the cognitive consequences of different subjective after transmission and amplification.The research finds that there are eight influence factors in risk transitional process,such as location,capital,habitus,risk perception,information search,cognitive evaluation,risk amplification behavior and attenuation behavior.In addition,the three-dimensional risk transition includes"field-perception""field-behavior""perception-behavior".Besides,there are amplification and accumulation transition risks.This study provides new empirical evidences for the evolution chain of"objective risk-subjective cognition-behavioral choice",and has significant policy value for prevention and control of risk transitions.