日粮添加发酵豆渣对母猪产仔性能、胎盘效率和胎盘营养物质转运的影响

Effect of fermented bean dregs supplementation on the reproductive performance, placental efficiency, and placental nutrient transportation in sows

试验旨在研究妊娠后期母猪日粮添加发酵豆渣(FBD)对母猪产仔性能和胎盘营养物质转运的影响。选用24头4~5胎的健康PIC母猪,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头母猪,单栏饲养,自由饮水,每头母猪每天饲喂3 kg饲料。对照组饲喂基础日粮(CON),3个处理组(FBD3、FBD6和FBD9)分别饲喂添加了3%、6%和9%发酵豆渣的基础日粮。通过减少日粮中玉米和豆粕的含量及增加大豆油的含量保证试验组日粮的粗蛋白和代谢能水平分别与对照组相同。试验从妊娠85 d开始饲喂,直到母猪分娩,比较母猪产仔性能,胎盘效率及胎盘营养物质转运因子mRNA相对表达量。结果显示,与对照组相比,FBD 9组仔猪平均窝重提高了3.8 kg,但差异不显著(P>0.05);FBD 9组平均胎盘重显著降低(P<0.05),胎盘效率显著升高(P<0.05);FBD 9组胎盘组织中哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路相关基因表达水平发生了显著的变化,其中mTOR、4EBP1、S6K1、eIF4E基因mRNA相对表达量显著提高,而RPS6和eIF2α基因的mRNA相对表达量显著降低;FBD 9组胎盘组织葡萄糖和氨基酸转运因子mRNA的相对表达量均显著升高。上述结果表明,妊娠后期母猪日粮添加9%发酵豆渣可能通过介导mTOR信号通路,提高母猪胎盘的营养物质转运能力,提高胎盘效率。

To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of fermented bean dreg(FBD),FBD were given to 24 healthy 4-5 births PIC sows during late gestation,and their production performance and maternal-fetal nutrient transport efficiency were assessed.The sows were randomly assigned to 4 groups including the control group(CON,fed with basal diet),the 3%FBD group(FBD 3,fed with basal diet plus 3%FBD),the 6%FBD group(FBD 6,fed with basal diet plus 6%FBD),and the 9%FBD group(FBD 9,fed with basal diet plus 9%FBD).The crude protein and metabolic energy levels of the diet were the same by reducing the content of corn and soybean meal and increasing the content of soybean oil in the basal diet.Every sow was kept in a single pen and had free access to water and 3 kg of feed.The sows were fed with the designed diets from the 85 d of gestation which continued until their farrowing.The results showed that,compared with the CON group,the FBD9 group showed the most obvious changes:their litter weight was 3.8 kg higher,but did not reach a significant level(P>0.05);their placental weight per live born piglet was significantly lower(P<0.05)and their placental efficiency was significantly higher(P<0.05);the expression of their placental mTOR signaling pathway variet significantly;the relative expression of mTOR,4 EBP1,S6 K1,eIF4 E gene mRNA was significantly increased,while the relative expression of RPS6 and eIF2αgene mRNA was significantly reduced;and the relative expression of their placental glucose and amino acids transport factors was significantly increased.These results suggested that supplementation of 9%fermented soybean dregs to the diet of PIC sows in late pregnancy enhanced their placental ability to transfer nutrients by means of the mTOR signaling pathway,and ultimately improved their placental efficiency.