水稻颖花育性的高温伤害机理及其栽培调控措施

High temperature injury on spikelet fertility and its regulation in rice

全球变暖导致的高温频发严重影响水稻生长和产量形成。研究水稻颖花育性的高温伤害机理及缓解颖花育性下降的栽培调控措施对选育耐高温品种有重要意义。本文重点综述了近年来幼穗分化期和开花期高温下水稻颖花育性下降的机理研究,从活性氧产生和清除、糖代谢过程、激素变化等方面阐述了高温影响生殖器官发育的机理;从花药开裂、散粉、花粉管伸长等过程阐述了花期高温导致颖花不育的机理;概述了栽培调控措施对高温下水稻颖花育性的调控及其生理机理,并结合现有的研究对未来高温影响颖花育性的研究方向进行了展望。

The frequent occurrence of high temperature caused by global warming seriously affects the growth and yield formation of rice.It is important for breeding of high temperature resistant varieties to study the high temperature injury mechanism of rice spikelet fertility and cultivation measures to alleviate the decline of spikelet fertility.In this paper,the mechanism of the decrease of spikelet fertility in rice under high temperature during panicle initiation and flowering stages in recent years was reviewed.The mechanism of high temperature affecting the development of reproductive organs was expounded from the aspects of production and elimination of reactive oxygen species,sugar metabolism and hormones change;the mechanism of spikelet sterility caused by high temperature in flowering stage was expounded from the process of anther dehiscence,powder dispersal and pollen tube elongation;the regulation and physiological mechanism of cultivation regulation measures on spikelet fertility under high temperature were summarized.The research direction of high temperature effect on spikelet fertility in the future was prospected.