从消费率看中国消费潜力与实现路径

China’s Consumption Potential and Realization Path from the Perspective of Consumption Rate

无论是进行同期比较,还是在相同的人均GDP水平上进行比较,中国最终消费率和居民消费率都是偏低的,既大大低于发达国家,也明显低于中国周边的代表性国家。重要的是,从2004年开始中国消费率呈现下降趋势,21世纪第二个10年中国居民消费率低于第一个10年,其峰值降低了2.23个百分点.这也从另一方面说明中国消费市场特别是居民消费需求增长还有较大的潜力或潜能。从宏观经济学视角分析,要促进居民消费增长,把消费率提高到应有的水平,需要不断提高居民可支配收入在GNI中所占的比重,特别是要提高劳动者报酬在GNI中所占的比重,这两个比重对提高居民消费率的影响是重要的.这也提示我们,需要从进一步改革和完善收入分配制度入手,不断提高居民收入水平特别是低收入者和困难群体的收入水平,促进居民消费稳步增长。

Whether comparing with the same period or with the same level of GDP per capita,China's final consumption rate and residents'consumption rate are both low,both significantly lower than developed countries and significantly lower than representative countries around China.Importantly,China's consumption rate has shown a downward trend since 2004.The consumption rate of Chinese residents in the second decade of the 21st century was lower than that in the first decade,and its peak value has decreased by 2.23 percentage points.On the other hand,it also shows that China's consumer market,especially the growth of consumer demand,has great potential.From the perspective of macroeconomics,in order to promote the growth of residents'consumption and raise the consumption rate to the required level,it is necessary to continuously increase the proportion of residents'disposable income in GNI,especially to increase the share of laborers'compensation in GNI.The proportion of these two proportions is important to increase the consumption rate of residents.This also reminds us that we need to start with further reforms and the improvement of the income distribution system,continuously improve the income level of residents,especially those of low-income people and groups in need,and promote the steady growth of residents'consumption.