近现代乡村规划理论的源与流

EVOLUTION OF RURAL PLANNING THEORY IN MODERN TIMES

18世纪末起源于英国的田园郊区运动致力于塑造精致的乡村聚落环境并形成良好的社区氛围;美国的乡村设计避免城市性在乡村地区的泛滥,从而保持地方社区的多样性特征。二者构成了传统建筑学领域乡村规划的基本理论。20世纪30年代起,地理学、生态学、经济学的研究拓展了乡村规划理论的范畴,丰富了乡村规划的编制体系、类型、方法,同时,农村社会学的研究及乡村管治的发展与成熟,促使乡村规划理论在20世纪70年代后向文化价值及人本内生两个视角发生了转变。借鉴历史研究的方法,将近现代乡村规划理论发展的脉络绘制成一幅"历史图像",并以此为基础划分出近现代乡村规划理论的3个范式阶段及其特征。

Originated from the late 18th Century,the Garden Suburb Movement in the UK was dedicated to shaping a delicate environment in rural settlements and forming good community ambience.Rural design in the United States avoided excessive urbanism in rural areas,and thereby preserved the diversity of local communities.These two aspects have constituted the basic theory of rural planning in the field of traditional architecture.Since the 1930s,the studies on geography,ecology,and economics have expanded the scope of rural planning theory and enriched the compilation system,types,and methods of rural planning.At the same time,the study on rural sociology and the development of rural governance have promoted the transformation of two perspectives in rural planning theory after the 1970s,i.e.,the cultural value perspective and the humanistic endogenous perspective.Using the method of historical research,this paper makes a"historical image"of the development of rural planning theory in modern times.And on this basis,the paper summarizes the three paradigms of rural planning theory and analyzes their features.