优秀竞技太极拳运动员的创伤流行病学研究

The Epidemiology of Sports Injury in Chinese Elite Competitive Taijiquan Player

目的:了解我国优秀竞技太极拳运动员运动创伤的流行病学特点,分析创伤病因,为该项目运动员的医务监督和运动创伤防治提供参考。方法:对93名竞技太极拳运动员进行运动创伤调查,了解运动创伤的发生率,分析创伤原因并总结创伤防治规律。结果:(1)93名竞技太极拳运动员伤87人(创伤发生率为93.55%),共238例创伤(人均2.74处),最易受伤部位为膝(88.51%)、踝(64.37%)、腰(55.17%),最常见运动创伤为膝关节侧副韧带损伤38例(40.86%),踝关节外侧副韧带损伤28例(30.11%),腰部肌筋膜/腰肌劳损26例(27.96%);(2)有85.29%的创伤发生在训练场。致伤因素中,难度训练占59.14%、训练强度过大占39.78%,专项训练占33.33%。(3)急性伤21人(24.14%)、急性转慢性伤24人(27.59%)、慢性伤42人(48.28%),伤后坚持正常训练40人(45.98%)。238例创伤中,采取治疗措施87例(占35.96%),痊愈14例(占16.09%)。结论:竞技太极拳项目运动创伤发病率高、创伤种类多、机制复杂。训练因素是该项目运动损伤的主要病因,其中难度训练和训练强度过大是致伤主要因素。运动员急性转慢性伤和慢性损伤比例大,治疗率(35.94%)和治愈率(28.74%)较低,治疗手段较为单一。应注意加强医务监督、重视创伤预防,合理安排训练,完善治疗方法与丰富治疗手段,保障运动员伤后得到及时治疗和有效康复。

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of sports trauma in elite Chinese athletes of Taijiquan.Methods:93 sports Taijiquan athletes were surveyed for sports trauma to understand the incidence of sports trauma,analyze the causes of trauma,and summarize the laws of trauma prevention and treatment.Results:(1)87 competitive Taijiquan athletes injured 87(the incidence of trauma was 93.55%),a total of 238 traumas(2.74 per capita),and the most vulnerable parts were knees(88.51%),ankles(64.37%),For the waist(55.17%),the most common sports trauma were 38 cases of knee collateral ligament injury(40.86%),28 cases of lateral ankle collateral ligament injury(30.11%),and 26 cases of lumbar fascia/lumbar muscle strain(27.96%).(2)85.29%of the trauma occurred in the training ground.Among the injuries,59.14%of difficulty training,39.78%of excessive training intensity,and 33.33%of special training.(3)21 people(24.14%)suffered acute injuries,24(27.59%)were acutely converted to chronic injuries,42(48.28%)were chronically injured,and 40 people(45.98%)insisted on regular training after injury.Among 238 cases of trauma,87 cases(35.96%)were treated,and 14 cases(16.09%)were cured.Conclusion:Athletic Taijiquan has a high incidence of sports trauma,many types of trauma,and complicated mechanisms.Training factors are the main causes of sports injuries in this project,of which difficult training and excessive training intensity are the main causes of injury.Athletes have a large proportion of acute to chronic injuries and chronic injuries.The treatment rate(35.94%)and cure rate(28.74%)are low.The treatment method is relatively simple.Attention should be paid to strengthening medical supervision, attaching importance to trauma prevention, arranging trainingreasonably, improving treatment methods and enriching treatment methods, and ensuring timelytreatment and effective rehabilitation of athletes after injury.