长期噪声环境对作业人员身心健康的影响

Study on the effect of long-term noise on the physical and mental health of employees working in noise stations

目的研究长期噪声对噪声作业员工身心健康的影响。方法选取某工厂的体检员工300例为研究对象,按照回顾分析法,根据是否接触噪声将其分为观察组和对照组,每组150例。观察组员工噪声作业5年以上,而对照组员工基本未接触噪声或接触时间<2年。比较两组员工的生活质量,同时比较抑郁情况以及疾病发生情况。结果观察组员工的心理健康、社会功能评分均明显低于对照组(t=2.23、t=3.12,均P<0.01),躯体化、强迫、抑郁、人际关系等SCL-90量表评分均明显高于对照组,两组自理能力、身体状态的评分比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.47、t=0.58,均P>0.05);观察组员工发生高血压(22.00%)和心电图异常(20.00%)的几率明显高于对照组(10.67%、10.67%)(χ^2=7.05,P<0.05;χ^2=5.03,P<0.05),发生高脂血症、糖尿病、脂肪肝以及高尿酸血症的几率与对照组之间的差异均无统计学意义。结论长期噪声可严重影响员工的心理健康,降低生活质量,增加高血压等疾病的发病率。

Objective To study the effects of long-term noise on the physical and mental health of employees working in noise stations.Methods 300 medical examiners were selected in this study subjects from a certain factory. According to the retrospective analysis method, they were divided into observation group and control group according to whether they were exposed to noise, 150 cases in each group. The observation group employees had more than 5 years of noise operation, while the control group employees were basically not exposed to noise or contact time was less than 2 years. The quality of life of the two groups of employees was compared, and the depression and disease occurrence was compared.Results The mental health and social function scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.01). The SCL-90 scores of somatization, compulsion, depression and interpersonal relationship were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the self-care ability and physical status between the two groups(P>0.05). The incidence of hypertension(22.00%) and ECG abnormality(20.00%) was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(10.67%,(10.67%)(χ^2=7.05,P=0.00;χ^2=5.03,P=0.02), the difference between the incidence of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, fatty liver and hyperuricemia and the control group didn’t have statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Long-term noise can seriously affect the mental health of employees, reduce the quality of life, and increase the incidence of many diseases.