深圳市南山区高危人群结核菌潜伏感染情况及影响因素

Latent tuberculosis infection and its influencing factors among high-risk population in Nanshan District,Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市南山区高危人群潜伏结核菌感染情况及影响因素。方法抽取企业、学生、羁押场所人群、2017—2018年在南山区登记治疗的菌阳肺结核患者密切接触者人群及社区≥65岁的老年人群,对5类人群采取问诊及拍胸片来排除结核,γ-干扰素释放试验检测结核菌感染情况,并对抽样人群进行个人情况、既往史、行为生活方式问卷调查。用Epidata软件录入问卷,SPSS 23.0软件进行数据分析,率的比较用χ^2检验,多因素用Logistic回归分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果5类人群潜伏结核菌感染(LTBI)率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),其中老年人群最高(44.85%),学生人群最低(20.00%);密切接触者人群不同文化程度、卡介苗接种史、与患者接触时间LTBI率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);密切接触者人群LTBI率接触时间低于三个月的LTBI率最高,其次为超过5年的,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年人群LTBI率最高,其年龄是影响因素;菌阳肺结核患者密切接触者中文化程度及与患者接触时间是其LTBI率影响因素,其中人口迁入可能是短期接触后LTBI率较高的原因。

Objective To understand the latent tuberculosis infection and its influencing factors among high-risk population in Nanshan District,Shenzhen.Methods Sample populations from enterprises,students,detention places(detention centers),close contacts of bacterium-positive tuberculosis patients registered for treatment in Nanshan District from 2017 to 2018(close contacts)and elderly people aged 65 or older in the community(elderly people)were selected.Consultations and chest radiographs were taken to exclude tuberculosis in 5 groups of people,γ-interferon release test was used to detect tuberculosis infection,and the sampled population was surveyed on personal status,past history and behavioral lifestyle.The data were entered by Epidata software,and analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software.The rate comparison and multi-factor analysis were performed byχ^2 test and Logistic regression.P<0.05 was statistically significant difference.Results The difference in latent TB infection(LTBI)rate among the 5 groups was statistically significant(P<0.001),with the highest rate of the elderly population(44.85%)and the lowest rate of the student population(20.00%).The LTBI rate of close contacts was statistically in terms of education level,BCG vaccination history,and contact time with patients(P<0.05).The LTBI rate of close contact population was the highest when the contact time was less than three months,followed by more than 5 years,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The elderly people has the highest LTBI rate,and its age is the influencing factor.The degree of education and contact time of patients with close contact of bacterium-positive tuberculosis patients are the influencing factors of LTBI rate,and population migration may be the reason for the higher LTBI rate after short-term exposure.