类似必要共同诉讼适用机制研究

Research on the Applicable Mechanism of Similar Necessary Joint Action

我国《民事诉讼法》引入类似必要共同诉讼从而完善我国的必要共同诉讼制度已属必然。从发展趋势看,类似必要共同诉讼正在从狭义转向广义、从传统转向现代、从一元转向多元,其范围也随之不断扩大。就类似必要共同诉讼的适用机制而言,有必要将类似必要共同诉讼分为诉讼标的同一型和诉讼标的牵连型、原告型和被告型以及既判力全面扩张型和既判力局部扩张型等类型,对其识别以诉讼标的具有共同性或牵连性为客观标准,同时辅之以立法上的除外标准。在此基础上,对《民法典》等制定法上的类似必要共同诉讼进行辨析,提出若干条款作为《民事诉讼法》的修法建言。

It is necessary for the Civil Procedure Law to introduce similar necessary joint action so as to perfect China’s necessary joint action system. From the development trend, similar necessary joint action is changing from narrow sense to broad sense, from traditional to modern, from monism to pluralism, and its scope is also expanding. As far as the applicable mechanism of similar necessary joint action is concerned, it is necessary to divide the similar necessary joint action into the following types: the type of same object of action and the type of implicated object of action, the plaintiff type and the defendant type, and the general expansion type of res judicata and the partial expansion type of res judicata, the standard of its identification is the objective standard of the commonness or implicitness of the object of action, supplemented by the exception standard in legislation. On this basis, this paper analyzes the similar necessary joint action in the statutory laws, such as the Civil Code. Some articles are put forward as suggestions for the amendment of Civil Procedure Law.