脱水速率和灌浆速率对玉米收获期子粒含水量的影响

Dynamic Changes of Grain Moisture Content and Filling Rate of Maize Hybrids and Parental Inbred Lines

以黑龙江省极早熟和早熟玉米种植区域两对收获期含水量差异显著的玉米主栽品种及其亲本自交系为试材,极早熟玉米种植区域品种为德美亚2号和克玉17,早熟玉米种植区域品种为德美亚3号和哲单37,对比调查子粒含水量动态变化、灌浆速率、生理成熟前后脱水速率等,分析与收获期子粒含水量的关系。结果表明,收获期含水量低的德美亚2号和德美亚3号,与同熟期含水量高的克玉17和哲单37相比,均提前3 d达到生理成熟期,此时期两对杂交种间子粒含水量均无显著差异,灌浆速率平均快0.12 g/d,灌浆时间缩短3 d,各自的母本自交系间呈现出同样的变化;生理成熟后德美亚2号和德美亚3号与克玉17和哲单37相比,随着子粒脱水速率的加快,子粒含水量差异逐渐增大,收获期差异达到极显著水平,父母本自交系间也具有同样的表现。玉米收获期子粒含水量与生理成熟后子粒脱水速率和子粒灌浆速率均呈极显著和显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.767和-0.589。

Two pairs of hybrids and their parental inbred lines of maize which planted in early-maturing and very early-maturing in Heilongjiang were used as test materials,which were significant difference in grain moisture content at harvest.The dynamic changes of grain moisture content,dehydration rate,and filling rate were investigated to find the relationship with the moisture content of harvest.The results showed Demeiya 2 and Demeiya 3 reached the physiological maturity stage 3 days earlier than Keyu 17 and Zhedan 37 and the grain moisture content of two pairs of hybrids showed no significant difference in varieties at this stage.The grain filling rate of two varieties(Demeiya 2 and Demeiya 3)was 0.12 g/d quicker than the other two hybrids(Keyu 17 and Zhedan 37).The difference was derived from female inbred lines.Then the dehydration rate of Demeiya 2 and Demeiya 3 became quicker,which were detected in the male and female inbred lines.The difference of grain moisture content in the two pairs of hybrids gradually increased,and reached the significant level at harvest.There was the extremely significant and significant negative correlation between the grain moisture content at harvest and the grain dehydration rate and the grain filling rate,and the correlation coefficients were-0.767 and-0.589 respectively.