玉米抗蚜遗传研究进展

Advances in Genetic Study of Corn Resistance to Corn Leaf Aphid

蚜虫是危害玉米生产的主要害虫之一,在我国危害玉米的蚜虫主要是玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch)。近年来在北方春玉米区、黄淮海夏播玉米区玉米蚜虫的危害呈上升趋势。玉米抗玉米蚜种质资源不丰富,迄今未发现对玉米蚜完全免疫的玉米材料。玉米对玉米蚜虫的抗性遗传机制比较复杂,多表现为隐性遗传,由1对基因、两对基因、两对互补基因和多基因控制。目前仅定位了少数抗蚜性位点,对玉米抗蚜性产生的生理生化机理进行初步探讨。

Aphids are one of the main insect herbivores that reduced corn production.In China,the corn leaf aphid(Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch)is the major aphid that damages corn production.In recent years,the risk of the corn leaf aphids in the northern spring corn planting area and the Huang-Huai-Hai summer corn growing area is on the rise,while the corn germplasm resources with resistance to aphids are not abundant.So far,corn resources that are completely immune to aphids have not been found.The inheritance patterns of resistance to aphids in corn is complex,of which,most were characterized in recessive manners,and controlled by one,two,or multiple genes.So far,only a few resistant QTLs and genes have been mapped.The physiological and biochemical mechanisms of resistance to aphids have been preliminarily studied.