基于BIM和元胞自动机的建筑火灾救援路径动态规划研究

Real-time path planning for safe rescue in building fire based on BIM and cellular automata

建筑物发生火灾时,建筑物复杂的内部环境以及火灾的实时蔓延会给参与室内救援工作的消防员带来隐患甚至生命危险。为提高消防员建筑火灾室内救援效率,文章提出了基于BIM技术和元胞自动机的消防员救援路径动态规划系统。该系统中,创新性将BIM建筑模型与元胞自动机有机结合,建立了一种新型元胞自动机路径规划智慧模型,该模型利用场景分层和碰撞检测的方法自动识别建筑物的各种构件和内部环境,具有很高的智能性和普适性;在火场中添加动态障碍物模型和随机灾变火模型,并利用实时检测方法研究真实火场的动态性对消防员救援路径的实时影响,使消防员科学、高效地避开静态、动态障碍物并安全完成救援。使用该系统对一座单层大空间体育馆进行实例模拟,验证了该系统的适用性,为制定建筑火灾消防救援策略、实现高效精准救援以及智慧消防提供技术支持。

In the event of a fire in a building,the complex internal environment of the building and the real-time spread of the fire will bring uncertainties for efficient indoor rescue and even endanger the life of firefighters.To enhance the efficiency of indoor rescue in a building fire,a real-time rescue path planning system for firefighters is proposed in this paper based on BIM technique and cellular automata.In this system,a BIM building model and cellular automata are innovatively combined to establish a novel and intelligent cellular automata-based path planning model.This model can automatically identify varying structural components and updated internal environment of the building using scene stratification and collision detection methods,which has a high level of intelligence and generality.Based on this model,firefighters are capable of scientifically and efficiently avoiding static and dynamic obstacles and safety completing the rescue.This is achieved by creating a dynamic obstacle model and a random fire spread model,and by using a real-time detection method to account for the dynamic influence of real fire scenarios on the rescue path.Finally,simulation of a single-story large-scale stadium is conducted and the applicability of the proposed system is verified.This system aims to provide technical support for establishing rescue strategies for building fires,achieving efficient and accurate rescue and smart firefighting.