定植时间和种苗规格对3个菠萝品种自然开花效应的影响

Effects of planting time and specification of the seedlings on natural flowering of three pineapple varieties

【目的】分析影响菠萝自然开花的定植时间、种苗规格及品种间的效应关系,明确栽培上影响菠萝自然开花的关键因素,为桂南地区实行人为调控花期,科学规避或降低自然开花减少小果率的菠萝高产高效栽培提供参考依据。【方法】以金菠萝、台农17号和台农16号3个菠萝品种为试验材料,调查统计不同定植时间、不同规格吸芽苗的植株自然开花率和小果率,并利用SPSS 18.0进行多变量方差分析,确定菠萝品种、定植苗规格、定植时间对菠萝自然开花影响的效应差异。【结果】广西南宁地区气温在15~20℃,易诱导菠萝自然开花。观察2017年4月15日、5月15日、9月15日和10月15日4个日期3个菠萝品种定植大吸芽苗的自然开花率和小果率发现,大吸芽苗在4—5月定植植株的自然开花率高于在9—10月定植植株的自然开花率,但小果率低于在9—10月定植植株的小果率,而定植中吸芽苗和小吸芽苗呈相同的变化规律。在定植时间和种苗规格相同的条件下,3个菠萝品种的自然开花率和自然果小果率均表现为金菠萝>台农17号>台农16号。方差分析结果表明,3个菠萝品种自然开花率影响的排序为:定植时间(η^2=0.999)>品种(η^2=0.993)>品种×定植时间(η^2=0.970)>定植苗规格(η^2=0.969)>品种×定植时间×定植苗规格(η^2=0.766)>定植时间×定植苗规格(η^2=0.725)>品种×定植苗规格(η^2=0.677);自然果小果率的影响排序为:品种(η^2=0.998)>定植时间(η^2=0.984)>品种×定植时间×定植苗规格(η^2=0.972)>品种×定植时间(η^2=0.964)>定植时间×定植苗规格(η^2=0.956)>定植苗规格(η^2=0.954)>品种×定植苗规格(η^2=0.929)。【结论】栽培上影响菠萝植株自然开花效应的主要因素是定植品种和定植时间,其次是定植苗规格。根据3个因素对菠萝自然开花效应影响作用,建议春植选择大吸芽苗,秋植中吸芽苗或小吸芽苗,科学规避或降低自然开花影响,实现菠萝高产高效。

【Objective】The study was to analyze the effect relationships among planting time,specification of the seedlings and varieties,study the key factors that affected the natural flowering effect of pineapple,so as to provide the basis for the high yield and high efficiency cultivation of pineapple by artificially regulating the flowering period,scientifically avoiding or reducing the natural flowering and reducing the small fruit rate in South Guangxi.【Method】With Jin pinapple,Tainong 16 pinapple and Tainong 17 pinapple as materials,the natural flowering rate and small fruit rate of the three pineapple varieties in different planting times and different specifications of the seedlings were investigated and counted,SPSS 18.0 was used for multivariate analysis of variance to determine the effect of planting varieties,specification of the seedlings and planting time on natural flowering of pineapple.【Result】The temperature between 15℃and 20℃was easy to induce the natural flowering of pineapple in Nanning of Guangxi.The natural flowering rate and small fruit rate of three pineapple varieties planted on April 15,May 15,September 15 and October 15,2017 were observed.And the natural flowering rate of three pineapple varieties planted in the time period from April to May was higher than that of the same size of seedlings planted from September to October,while the small fruit bearing rate of natural fruit was lower than that of the same size of seedlings planted from September to October,and medium seedlings and small seedlings appeared the same regulation.Under the same planting time and seedling specification,the natural flowering rate and the small fruit rate of natural fruit of the three pineapple varieties were in the order of Jin pineapple,Tainong 17 pineapple,Tainong 16 pineapple.Through the variance analysis that in the order of natural flowering rate of the three pineapple varieties were planting time(η^2=0.999)>variety(η^2=0.993)>variety×planting time(η^2=0.970)>specification of the seedlings(η^2=0.969)>variety×planting time×specification of the seedlings(η^2=0.766)>planting time×specification of the seedlings(η^2=0.725)>variety×specification of the seedlings(η^2=0.677).In the order of the small fruit bearing rate of three pineapple varieties were variety(η^2=0.998)>planting time(η^2=0.984)>variety×planting time×specification of the seedlings(η^2=0.972)>variety×planting time(η^2=0.964)>planting time×specification of the seedlings(η^2=0.956)>specification of the seedlings(η^2=0.954)>variety×specification of the seedlings(η^2=0.929).【Conclusion】The main factorsaffecting the natural flowering of pineapple are varieties and planting time,followed by the specification of the seedlings.According to the influence of the three factors on the natural flowering effect of pineapple,it is suggested to select big specification seedlings in spring and middle or small specification seedlings in autumn,so as to avoid or reduce the influence of natural flowering and get high yield and high efficiency of pineapple.