不同架式栽培对台农1号百香果果实品质和产量的影响

Fruit quality and yield of passion fruit Tainong No.1 under different frame modes

【目的】探究不同架式栽培对台农1号百香果果实品质和产量的影响,为筛选适宜台农1号百香果的架式模式提供参考依据。【方法】采用酸碱滴定、2,6-二氯靛酚滴定和蒽酮比色等方法对7种不同架式下台农1号百香果的果实品质进行对比研究,分析果实单果重、纵径、横径、果形指数、果皮厚度、可食率、种子数、果皮明度值(L^*)、红绿值(a^*)和黄蓝值(b^*)等外观指标,及可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、Vc、糖酸比和固酸比等内在生理指标,产量取高、中、低小区平均值,并对指标进行方差分析和主成分分析。【结果】不同架式栽培下台农1号百香果的单果重、果实纵径和横径、果形指数、可食率及果皮厚度均差异不显著(P>0.05);其中,果形指数在1.08~1.10,近圆形;Y形架栽培的果皮L^*、a^*和b^*值较其他架式高,分别为30.36、17.65和5.89;V形架栽培的可食率最高,达47.03%,果皮最薄,为0.54 cm;A形架的种子数明显低于其他架式;双层架和篱壁架的产量显著高于其他架式栽培(P<0.05,下同),不同架式产量排序为双层架>篱壁架>T形架>V形架>Y形架>棚架>A形架。不同架式栽培的果实可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C、糖酸比及固酸比等内在品质指标均表现出一定的差异性。其中,A形架的果实可滴定酸含量显著高于其他架式;Y形架果实糖酸比和可溶性总糖含量显著高于其他架式;棚架的固酸比和Vc含量显著高于其他架式;篱壁架的果实可溶性固形物含量显著高于其他架式。主成分分析将所检测的17个指标综合为5个特征根大于1的主成分,累计解释方差为94.965%,能代表原17个指标性状的绝大部分信息,不同架式因子得分排序为V形架>Y形架>篱壁架>A形架>双层架>T型架>棚架。【结论】台农1号百香果适应性强,篱壁架的栽培模式简单易操作。根据贵州省地形、环境条件、架材和生产成本,因地制宜种植台农1号,并配套篱壁架栽培技术的管理,对推动贵州百香果产业跨越式发展具有重要意义。

【Objective】The effects of different cultivation frame modes on fruit quality and yield of passion fruit Tainong No.1 were studied and provide theoretical basis for screening suitablecultivation modes.【Method】Appearance and physiological indicators of passion fruit Tainong No.1 samples,including single fruit weight,lengthwise diameter,broadwise diameter,fruit shape index,peel thickness,edible rate,number of seeds,color brightness value(L^*),red green value(a^*),yellow blue value(b^*),total soluble sugar,titratable acid,soluble solids,vitamin C,sugar acid ratio and solid acid ratio were determined by acid-base titration,2,6-dichlorindophenol titration and anthrone colorimetric,and yield was calculated by average of plots with high,medium and low values,the data were analyzed by variance analysis and principal component analysis.【Result】The results of variance analysis showed that there were no significant differences in single fruit weight,lengthwise diameter,broadwise diameter,fruit shape index,edible rate and peel thickness(P>0.05).Fruit shape index was from 1.08 to 1.10,which was nearly round.The L^*,a^*and b^*of Y frame were higher than those in other frames,which were 30.36,17.65 and 5.89,The edible rate of V frame was the highest(47.03%),and the peel was the thinnest(0.54 cm).The number of seeds of A frame was lower than that of other frame modes.The yield of double frame and hedge ledge frame was significantly higher than that of other frames(P<0.05,the same below),and the order of yield of different frames was double frame>hedge ledge frame>T frame>V frame>Y frame>shed frame>A shape frame.The results showed that there were some differences in fruit intrinsic quality indexes,including soluble solids,soluble total sugar,vitamin C,sugar acid ratio and solid acid ratio.The titratable acid content was significantly higher than others.The sugar acid ratio and total soluble sugar content of Y frame were significantly higher than those of others.The solid acid ratio and vitamin C content of shed frame were significantly higher than those of other frames.The content of soluble solids in hedge ledge frame was significantly higher than that in other frames.The total of 17 quality indicators were integrated into 5 characteristic roots>1 by the principal component analysis,and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 94.965%,which could represent the most information of the original quality traits.Beside,The scores of different frames were in the order of V frame>Y frame>hedge ledge frame>A shape frame>double frame>T frame>shed frame.【Conclusion】The adaptability of passion fruit Tainong No.1 is strong,and hedge ledge frame is easy to operate.According to the topography,environmental conditions,materials and production cost of Guizhou,planting passion fruit Tainong No.1 according to local conditions,and supporting the management of frame cultivation technology,it is of great significance to promote the leapfrog development of Guizhou passion fruit industry.