从孟子与董仲舒的“仁-义-利”结构论道德实践的主体价值抉择

The Choice of Subject Value in Moral Practice from the Perspective of Mencius’and Dong Zhongshu’s Structures of“Benevolence-Justice-Interest”

孟子与董仲舒之“仁-义-利”结构虽有差异,但以仁义为一组概念,两者都强调主体自身的往外推展,即外推的作用。“仁”作为主体的核心价值是对于主体具备道德性自我价值的肯定,此种明确的价值肯定相对于现代人很容易产生的价值混乱或冲突有明确的对治,但如何让以“仁”为核心的主体价值在个人的道德实践上重新产生影响,必须引导主体重新思考自我与世界的关联,建构主体的责任意识。从道德实践的主体价值抉择的面向上来看,在对孟子与董仲舒的“仁-义-利”进行分析后,能更进一步地将此两有别但不矛盾的结构进行整合,重新审视儒家的仁义关怀,让过于强调个体与自我的现代人重新回到世界之中,展现出一条重新连结自我与他者之路,这是我们在现代社会中思考道德实践的主体价值抉择之可能性与动力的可行方向。

Although Mencius’and Dong Zhongshu’s structures of“benevolence-justice-interest”are different,they both regard benevolence and justice as a set of concepts,emphasizing the outward extension of the subject itself,that is,the role of extension.“Benevolence”as the core value of the subject is the affirmation of the self-value of the subject who has morality.This kind of clear value is sure to be a definite countermeasure to the value chaos or conflict that modern people are prone to produce.However,it is necessary to guide the subject to rethink the relationship between the self and the world and construct sense of responsibility so that the subject value taking benevolence as its core has a renewed influence on personal moral practice.From the perspective of the choice of the subject value of moral practice,this paper makes an analysis of Mencius’and Dong Zhongshu’s structures of“benevolence-justice-interest”,which can guide people to further integrate these two distinct but non-contradictory structures and reexamine Confucian concerns about benevolence and justice,and also guide modern people who emphasize too much on the individual and the self return to the world,thus presenting a way to reconnect the self and the other,which is a feasible way for us modern people to contemplate the possibility and motivation of the choice of the subject value in moral practice.