印太背景下的印美海上安全合作:进展、影响与对策

Indo-US Maritime Engagement:an Indo-Pacific Perspective

印太战略是“重返亚太”的继承与发展,但其实质政策内涵仍处于演化之中。印太背景之下的美印两国进一步加强了双边或多边海上安全合作:双方高层特别是海军高层互访频繁,战略沟通进一步机制化;两国海军演习继续推进,双边与多边并举,特别侧重美印日三边合作;两国防务关系包括海军合作发展迅速。尽管如此,印太背景下的美印在海上安全领域仍有明显分歧:在印太的地理范围上,印度实际上更重视在印度洋的优势地位,美方则将印太局限于东印度洋和西太平洋地区;在主导机制上,印度有意淡化美日印澳四国协调机制,与美方存在差异;在政策方向上,印度更愿意凸显印太的“包容性”;在外交姿态上,美印的对俄与对华态度也有明显差异。印美海上安全合作进一步提高了印度的战略地位,扩大了两国战略机动空间;有利于印度增强海上安全实力特别是在东方水域的地缘优势;加剧了地区安全局势复杂性并恶化了南海局势。中方可采取积极发展中印关系,稳妥应对南海争端,对不同版本的印太政策采取差异化策略,积极稳妥推进“一带一路”建设等综合措施,应对印太战略的挑战。

As an extension and further development of the erstwhile“Pivot to Asia”strategy,the“Indo-Pacific”under limelight is developing its own policy substance.India and the United States might develop further bilateral/multilateral maritime security cooperation under“Indo-Pacific”concept,comprising engagement between top political/naval leadership,further bilateral and multilateral naval exercises,and enhanced defense cooperation inclusive of naval cooperation.However,major differences between the two countries such as geographical definition of Indo-Pacific,the conceptual tension between ASEAN Centrality and Quad,the inclusivity vs exclusivity dichotomy,in addition to differed method of engaging with Russia and China,remain unresolved.The complicated dynamics in regional and international politics as generated by Indo-US maritime engagement under Indo-Pacific background need to be addressed by a comprehensive and innovative policy framework.