过敏性鼻炎患者肺功能指标的变化及流行病学特征

Lung function changes and epidemiological survey of patients with allergic rhinitis

目的探讨过敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者肺功能指标的变化及流行病学特征。方法选取2017年10月至2019年10月在解放军联勤保障部队第九〇九医院就诊的169例AR患者为观察组,以同期243例健康体检者为对照组。比较分析两组一般资料及肺功能指标的差异,并对AR患者进行过敏原检查。结果两组患者的性别、年龄比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。观察组中吸烟、有家族过敏史以及哮喘病的患者比例明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、家族过敏史及哮喘是AR的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。观察组的呼吸峰流速、肺活量在75%和50%时的最大呼气流量明显低于对照组,而呼气阻力明显高于对照组,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。AR患者吸入性过敏原中尘螨、蟑螂、动物毛皮屑以及粉草组合所占比例较高,而海鲜产品为主要的食入性过敏原。结论吸烟、家族过敏史以及哮喘是AR的独立危险因素,AR患者肺通气功能明显降低,其过敏原以尘螨、蟑螂以及海鲜类产品为主。

Objective To study the lung function changes and epidemiological survey of patients with allergic rhinitis(AR).Method 169 patients with AR were enrolled as observation group and 243 healthy persons were included as control group.The differences of basic data and lung function indexes were compared in two groups.The allergens of patient with AR were detected.Result There were no significantly differences in gender composition and age between two groups(P>0.05).The rates of smoking,family history and asthma in observation group were significantly higher than control group(P<0.05).Smoking,family history and asthma were independent risk factors for AR(P<0.05).The peak expiratory flow rate(PEF),maximum expiratory flow at 75%and 50%of lung capacity(MEF75%,MEF50%)in observation group were significantly lower than control group,while the exhalation resistance(R20)was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05).Of the patients with AR,the inhaled allergens were mainly dust mite,cockroach,animal wool and grass powder combination,while the feeding allergen was mainly seafood.Conclusion Smoking,family history and asthma are independent risk factors for AR.The pulmonary ventilation function is decreased obviously in patients with AR.The allergens are mainly dust mite,cockroach and seafood.