新疆乌鲁木齐市某活禽交易市场禽流感流行病学调查

Epidemiological Investigation on Avian Influenza in a Live Poultry Market in Urumqi City of Xinjiang

为了解冬季新疆乌鲁木齐市活禽市场交易禽类及市场外环境中禽流感病毒污染情况及其流行规律,对某交易市场内的鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等活禽,采集85份活禽全血样本和143份棉拭子样本(103份活禽泄殖腔/咽喉棉拭子、40份环境棉拭子),分别采用血清学和实时荧光定量(rRT-PCR)方法,检测禽流感免疫抗体和禽流感病毒核酸,并对核酸阳性样品进行病毒亚型确定。结果显示:85份全血样本中,H5(Re-11)株免疫抗体合格32份,合格率为37.6%;H5(Re-12)株免疫抗体合格34份,合格率为40%;H7(Re-2)株免疫抗体合格46份,合格率为54.2%。143份棉拭子样本中,禽流感病毒核酸阳性36份,阳性率为25.17%。其中:活禽棉拭子阳性29份,阳性率为28.15%;交易区外环境棉拭子阳性7份,阳性率为17.5%。36份禽流感病毒核酸阳性样本中,H5亚型3份,阳性率为8.33%;H9亚型22份,阳性率为61.11%;未定型11份,阳性率为30.56%。结果表明:该市场交易活禽流感病毒感染率较高,且强制免疫的H5、H7亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率较低,存在疫情发生和散播风险。结果提示,应加强活禽交易市场的消毒与管理,降低禽流感病毒通过活禽交易市场传播的风险。

In order to make clear the contamination status and prevalence rule of avian influenza virus(AIV)in live poultry markets and their surrounding environment in Urumqi City of Xinjiang in winter,85 whole blood samples and 143 cotton swabs(including 103 cloacal/throat cotton swabs and 40 environmental cotton swabs)were collected from live poultry including chickens,ducks,geese and pigeons in a market for detection of immune antibodies and nucleic acids of AIV by serological assay and real-time fluorescent quantitative(RT-PCR),and the virus subtypes of nucleic acid positive samples were determined.The results showed that,for the 85 blood samples,32 were qualified for the antibody against H5(Re-11)strain with the qualification rate of 37.6%,34 were qualified for the antibody against H5(Re-12)strain with the qualification rate of 40%,and 46 were qualified for the antibody against H7(Re-2)strain with the qualification rate of 54.2%.For the 143 cotton swabs,36 were positive for AIV with the positive rate of 25.17%,including 29 positive swabs from live poultry,with the positive rate of 28.15%,and 7 positive environmental swabs collected outside the trading area,with the positive rate of 17.5%.For these 36 nucleic acid positive samples,3 samples were confirmed as H5 subtype with the positive rate of 8.33%,22 were confirmed as H9 subtype with the positive rate of 61.11%and 11 samples were undetermined with the positive rate of 30.56%.It was concluded that the infection rate of AIV in the market was high,and the qualification rates of antibodies against H5 and H7 subtypes after compulsory vaccination were relatively low,indicating the risk of outbreak and spreading existed.Thus,live poultry markets should be thoroughly disinfected and managed to reduce the risk of AIV spreading.