论后疫情时代全球生态政治的现实主义转向

On Realist Turn of Global Ecological Politics in Post‑Epidemic Era

新冠疫情危机不仅是一场因病毒引发的人类生存危机,更是一场因全球经济发展与气候变暖等因素导致的生态危机。面对当前史无前例的全球疫情危机,国际社会围绕其应对策略产生了巨大分歧:一方是基于人类命运共同体的全球主义生态政治,强调生命至上与全球协作;另一方则是基于资本主义的民主政治,强调个体自由至上与国家优先,造成霸权主义的国家意志、经济主义的发展政治、自由主义的生命政治对全球主义的生态政治的巨大冲击。一时间,全球生态政治何去何从,成为人们亟待解决的难题。实际上,问题的根源在于目前的生态政治忽略了启蒙精神与现实国际政治的巨大影响,聚焦于克服工业文明的弊端,盲目主张消解国家主权,从本质上来说,当前的全球生态政治是一种浪漫主义的政治冲动。后疫情时代,全球生态政治将转向一种基于生命共同体意识、国家主权意识同时坚持着自由主义价值追求的现实主义生态政治。至于齐泽克等左翼学者发现的社会主义或共产主义的生态政治萌芽,实际上只是西方社会面对新冠疫情的应急策略,并非基于颠覆资本主义私有制基础上的、真正意义上的社会主义或共产主义的生态政治。目前毕竟面临着资本主义体系占据全球主导地位的严峻局面,全球生态政治必须抛弃浪漫主义,进行现实主义的转向。

The COVID‐19 epidemic crisis is not only a human survival crisis caused by the novel coronavirus,but also an ecological crisis caused by factors such as global economic development and climate warming etc.In the face of the unprecedented global epidemic crisis,the international community has responded in different ways.One side is globalist ecological politics based on the human community of common destiny emphasizing the supremacy of life and global cooperation.The other side is democratic politics based on capitalism emphasizing the supremacy of individual freedom and national priority.Therefore,the national will of hegemonism,the development politics of economism and the life politics of liberalism have a huge impact on the ecological politics of globalism.At the moment,what course should the global ecological politics follow becomes a difficult problem to be solved.In fact,the root cause of the problem lies in the fact that the current ecological politics neglects the great influence of the enlightenment spirit and international politics,focuses on overcoming the disadvantages of industrial civilization and blindly advocates the elimination of national sovereignty.In essence,the current global ecological politics is a romantic political impulse.In the post‐epidemic era,global ecological politics will turn into realist ecological politics based on the consciousness of life community and national sovereignty while adhering to the pursuit of liberal values.As for the seeds of socialist or communist eco‐politics discovered by Zizek and other left‐wing scholars,it is merely the emergency strategy of the western society in the face of COVID‐19,but not the real sprout of the new socialist or communist eco‐politics based on the subversion of capitalist private ownership.After all,at present,facing the severe situation of the capitalist system taking the global dominant position,the global ecological politics must abandon romanticism and turn to realism.