人与自然关系视阈下传染病疫情风险的发生与防控反思

On Occurrence,Prevention and Control of Epidemics from Perspective of Relationship Between Human and Nature

新中国成立70多年来,我国已经出现了6次重大传染病疫情,其中包括了2003年的SARS、2009年的甲型H1N1流感以及2020年的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19),前后相隔时间较短。尽管每次传染病疫情发生的病原体、发病机制、传播途径等不尽相同,但它们的发生无疑都与环境的不断恶化有着很强的关联。传染病疫情的频发是人与自然关系恶化所带来生态失衡的一种表现,是大自然对人类不当活动的回应和报复,是大自然的一种警示语言。生态失衡无疑增强了病原体传染能力和变异能力、扩大了传播途径和范围、增强人群对疾病易感性,进而加快了传染病疫情发生、传播与变化的各个环节,为疫情的发生提供便捷通道。因此,要摒弃“人类中心主义”的观念,对大自然要有敬畏之心,进一步构筑以下四条防线:一是要尊重自然、保护自然,减少对生态环境的破坏,努力保持生态平衡,构筑起“人与自然和谐共生”的生态防线;二是要加快经济发展生活方式转变,减少“废气、废水、废渣”的排放,构筑起“绿色、低碳、循环”的生产生活防线;三是要加强自然保护区监管,严厉打击各类违法捕获行为,构筑起“最严密、最严格”的法治防线;四是要加强人民群众生态环境教育,改善人口密集社区的人民群众生活环境,构筑起“安全、清洁、卫生”的人民健康防线。这些才是疫情风险防控的根本之策。

There are six major epidemics during the 70 years since the founding of New China,including SARS in 2003,H1N1 flu in 2009 and the new corona virus pneumonia(COVID-19)in 2020.The intervals are relatively short.Although the pathogens,pathogenesis,and transmission routes of each infectious disease are different,their occurrences are undoubtedly strongly related to the continuous deterioration of the environment.The frequent occurrences of infectious diseases are the reflection of the deterioration of the relationship between man and nature,which is a warning of nature and the response of nature to human improper activities.The ecological imbalance will undoubtedly enhance the ability of pathogen to transmit and mutate,expand the scope of transmission,increase the population's susceptibility to disease,and then accelerate the occurrence,spread and change of infectious diseases providing a convenient channel for the outbreak.Therefore,it is necessary for human to abandon“anthropomorphism”,hold reverence for nature and build the following four defense lines.First,we must respect and protect nature,reduce damage to the ecological environment,strive to maintain ecological balance,and build an ecological defense line characterized by“harmonious coexistence of human and nature”.Second,we must accelerate the shift of economic development pattern and lifestyles,reduce the emission of“exhaust gas,waste water,and waste residues”,and build a“green,low‐carbon,and recycling”defense line of production and living.Third,we must strengthen the supervision of nature reserves,severely crack down on various illegal hunting behaviors,and build the“most rigorous and strictest”legal defense line.Fourth,we must strengthen the ecological environment education,improve people's living environment in densely populated communities,and build a“safe,clean,and sanitary”health defense line.These are the fundamental strategies for epidemic prevention and control.