甲骨文中的乐舞补说

On the Music and Dance in the Oracle Bone Script

商代社会生活中,音乐歌舞甚盛,内容题材脱胎于人们在生产实践、生活追求、英雄崇拜、民俗风情、战争场面或宗教信仰等生存活动中感情的表露。甲骨文中有不同的祭歌名,有各类武舞或文舞名,还有来自他方的散乐及夷乐。殷商王朝礼乐文化具有广容性的特色,并非是绝然排他的。乐舞在殷商贵族社会生活中十分兴盛,统治者礼乐序政,不同的乐舞用于不同的场合,要以体现威仪、谐和上下、养尊处优为其要质。甲骨文中众多的祭歌名,不同形式的舞蹈,品类齐备的乐器,以及乐师多万和众多舞臣的专事分工,正反映了商代音乐、歌舞与器乐的发达状况。

The music and dance prevailed greatly in the social life in the Shang Dynasty.Their contents and themes originated from people’s emotional expressions in such survival activities as production practices,life pursuits,hero worships,folk customs,and war scenes or religious beliefs.In the oracle bone script,there exist different names of jige(songs for the sacrifice),and those of wuwu(military dance)or wenwu(civil dance),along with the idle music and alien music from other places.The ritual and musical cultures in the Shang Dynasty are widely inclusive,rather than narrowly exclusive.Music and dance are particularly prosperous in the social life of the noblemen in the Shang Dynasty.As the rulers govern the nation with the ritual music,the different types of music and dance are often ap.plied on the distinct occasions,highlighting the key essence of dignified manner,overall harmony and enjoyable hon.or.The oracle bone script depicts plenty of names of songs for the sacrifice,various types of dance,and a variety of musical instruments,together with the professional division of labor among many other musicians and dancers,which demonstrate the development of music,dance and musical instruments in the Shang Dynasty.