黄土丘陵沟壑区坡度对居民区的影响分析

Analysis on the influence of slope on residential area in loess hilly and gully region

黄土丘陵沟壑区水土流失日益严重,黄土质地松软,易受构造活动扰动,黄土结构多孔且多垂直节理,地貌沟壑纵横,流水侵蚀剧烈,坡体稳定性较差,在强震等构造运动外力作用下容易发生崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等次生灾害,水土保持及防灾减灾任务十分艰巨。本文基于遥感解译和数学形态法研究了清水河县地形坡度与居民区的分布关系,总结出适宜人类生产生活的地区,为水土保持工作的进行提出指导。研究结果:(1)研究区北部以及东部的地形坡度相对较小,西部、中部和南部的地形坡度相对较大;研究区坡向分布较为平均。(2)67.2%的居民区斑块似圆度在1.250以下,90.4%的居民区斑块似圆度在1.500以下;居民区斑块的密集分布从数学形态学上反映出来呈条带状,居民区斑块的零散分布从数学形态学上反映出来呈近圆形。(3)67.97%的居民区位于坡度小于5°的地区,31.87%的居民区位于坡度5°~15°的地区。坡度小于5°的地区是适宜人生产生活的,也是政府应该采取措施减缓水土流失的重点区域。

Soil and water loss is becoming more and more serious in the loess hilly and gully area.The loess texture is soft and susceptible to tectonic activity.The loess texture is porous and multi-vertical joints.The geomorphic ravines are vertical and horizontal.Secondary disasters such as collapses,landslides,and debris flows are prone to occur underneath.The tasks of soil and water conservation and disaster prevention and mitigation are very difficult.Based on the interpretation of remote sensing and mathematical morphology,this paper studies the distribution relationship between topographic slope and residential area in Qingshuihe County,summarizes areas suitable for human production and life,and provides guidance for the soil and water conservation work.Research results:(1)The terrain slopes in the north and east of the study area are relatively small,and the terrain slopes in the west,middle,and south are relatively large;the slope distribution of the study area is relatively even.(2)The plaque roundness of 67.2%of residential areas is below 1.250,and the plaque roundness of 90.4%of residential areas is below 1.500;the dense distribution of plaques in residential areas is reflected in the form of bands from mathematical morphology,and the scattered distribution of plaques in residential areas is almost circular in mathematical morphology.(3)67.97%of the residential areas are located in areas with a slope of less than 5°,and 31.87%of the residential areas are located in areas with a slope of 5°~15°.Areas with a slope of less than 5°are suitable for human production and life,and are also key areas where the government should take measures to slow down soil erosion.